1. The Canadian Home Front Ms. Campbell Socials 11

2. Conscription When World War One broke out, Prime Minister Borden promised Canadians there would be no conscription – Conscription is compulsory military service By 1917 it was obvious that Canada needed more troops than volunteer enlistment was providing

3. Conscription The Military Service Bill made enlistment compulsory for all Canadian men between 20 and 45 – Initially, exemptions were made for the disabled, the clergy, those with essential jobs or special skills, and conscientious objectors (who opposed the war on religious grounds) Conscription was very controversial and ended up dividing the country

4. Conscription FrenchEnglish

5. Conscription Debates Steps 1) Divide into groups based on egg colour 1) Purple = French 2) Blue = English 2) Read textbook (page 49-51) 3) Prepare an argument 4) Debates

6. Union Government Borden quickly realized there was strong opposition to conscription – He decided to try and strengthen his position by requesting a union government – Laurier was strongly against conscription and refused

7. Union Government The election in 1917 is now referred to as the Khaki Election – Borden tried to win military votes by introducing the Military Voters Act and the Wartime Elections Act Military Voters Act: allowed men and women serving overseas to vote Wartime Elections Act: gave the vote to Canadian women related to servicemen and cancelled the vote for conscientious objectors and recent immigrants

8. Financing the War By 1918 the war cost $2.5 million per day so the government created new plans to cover the cost – Victory Bonds were sold and could be cashed later for profit – Income Tax was introduced as a supposedly temporary measure – Corporate Tax charged businesses four percent of their revenues

9. Financing the War Despite these efforts, the government still had to borrow money from the United States to pay its debts

10. Halifax Explosion Steps 1) Read page 47 2) Fill in the answers on your notes sheet

11. The Role of Women Steps 1) Read pages 39 and 46-47 2) Fill in the answers on your notes sheet Should Women Get the Vote?

12. Rationing Honour Rationing was a civilian effort to consume less and conserve supplies on the home front – Butter and sugar were particularly limited – Meatless Fridays and Fuel-less Sundays saved supplies

13. Rationing What ingredients do you think of when you hear “cake”?

14. Rationing – War Cake 1 lb. raisins 2 c. boiling water 1 tbsp. baking soda 1/2 c. shortening 1 c. cold water 4 c. flour 2 c. sugar 1 tsp. salt 1/2 tsp. cloves 2 tsp. cinnamon 1 tsp. nutmeg 1 c. walnuts, chopped Simmer the raisins and the boiling water for 15 minutes. Add the rest of the ingredients. Bake in a tube pan, at 325 degrees, for about 1 hour, or until well browned. This cake is called "War Cake" because there are no eggs, butter, or milk among the ingredients, items often in short supply during war time.