Case Western Reserve University Forever Young Myths, Mysteries, and Mayhem in the Universitys History Richard Baznik Institute for the Study of the University in Society August 20, 2004

Approaching Two Centuries *** * 1826: Western Reserve College founded in Hudson 1880: Case School of Applied Science founded in Downtown Cleveland 1967: Western Reserve and Case federate to form Case Western Reserve University Today

Trends/Events in the Nation and World Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Western Migration New Deal Industrial Revolution Urbanization D Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Iron Ore D DDD DD W WWW WW W WW Cold War Baby Boom Rights Movements Reconstruction

Pre-History Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Deal Early immigrants to the area from Connecticut and other eastern regions

The Western Reserve of Connecticut Initially awarded to the Connecticut Colony by King Charles II in 1662; boundary refined in 1786 CT OH Western Reserve of Connecticut

The Western Reserve of Connecticut Map by William Sumner of Nelson in Portage County, September 1826

* WRC Finally, A College for the Western Reserve Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Medicine

Ending Slavery: Abolition vs. Colonization Town vs. Gown, Gown vs. Gown, and Town vs. Town in Hudson GroupAbolitionistsColonizationists GoalImmediate end to slavery Voluntary emigration of freed slaves to Africa Natl. Leaders William Lloyd Garrison John Brown Frederick Douglass James Madison John Marshall Henry Clay Local Leaders John Brown Family Prof. Elizur Wright Rev. Beriah Green Pres. Charles Storrs David Hudson Pres. Charles Storrs

Diversity on the Campus John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836, was the first African American student to enroll at Western Reserve College. He was an ardent abolitionist who later became a minister. John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836, shown years later with his wife.

Social and Economic Strife * WRC Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Medicine

Medical Education for Women Six of the first seven women to earn medical degrees in the United States were graduates of Western Reserve Colleges Medical College of Cleveland. Dr. Nancy E Talbot Clark M.D., 1852 Dr. Emily Blackwell M.D., 1854 Dr. Marie E. Zakrzewska, M.D., 1856 Dr. Cordelia A. Greene M.D., 1856 Dr. Elizabeth Grisell M.D., 1856 Not Pictured: Dr. Sarah A. Chadwick, M.D., 1856

Growth and Innovation * CSAS * WRC Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Move to Univ. Circle WRU Adelbert C. for Women Law Dentistry Graduate Sch. Medicine

Strong Leadership for Growth Leonard Case, Jr. Flora Stone Mather Charles F. Thwing Amasa Stone

Case School of Applied Science Leonard Case, Jr., a classically educated lawyer, endowed the regions first technological school He was a leader of the Arkites, area residents interested in natural history School was started at the Case family homestead on Clevelands Public Square Moved to University Circle next to WRU in 1886 Case Main Building, first structure on the campus of the Case School of Applied Science

Amasa Stone: Ashtabula Train Disaster In December 1876, more than 80 people died when a Lake Shore and Michigan train bridge collapsed. Investigation blamed bridge design, construction Recent study faults fabrication of one component Stone may have launched civic and philanthropic acts – including moving WRC to Cleveland – to atone

The Education of Women No formal provision for women students in undergraduate programs until 1872 After intense debate, coeducation ended in 1887 College for Young Women opened in Flora Stone Mather was a principal benefactor Flora Stone Mather College (1931) absorbed into Western Reserve College in 1972 Viola Smith Buell, Class of 1876, first woman to earn undergraduate degree from Western Reserve College

Thwing: A Primal Force President for 31 years ( ) Developed WRU as a national graduate university committed to its city Started several new schools and departments Knew every student by his or her first name Wrote more than 50 books Co-founder of the NAACP

Michelson and Morley Albert A. Michelson Case Physicist Edward W. Morley Western Reserve Chemist

Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887) Disproved the prevailing theory that light waves traveled through a lumeniferous aether Schematic drawing of Michelson-Morley Interferometer

Good Fences Make… Adelbert College (left) and Case Main Building, c. 1888

University Circle (when there was a circle) Postcard view of trolley turn-around in the Circle in the early 1900s View looking southwest toward Western Reserve and Case

Urban and International Issues * CSAS * WRC Libr. Sci. SASS Nursing Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Move to Univ. Circle WRU Adelbert C. for Women Law Dentistry Graduate Sch. Medicine

Rich as Rockefeller – Or Not John D. Rockefeller, a Cleveland for several decades, was a generous donor to local charities, including Western Reserve and Case. New York native; moved to Cleveland in his teens to work. Founded Standard Oil Co. of Ohio in 1870 with other investors. Devoted Baptist who directed his giving to address churchs priorities. Moved back to New York in In 1887 gave funds to a small Baptist institution in Chicago that in 1890 became the University of Chicago. John D. Rockefeller, from a 1917 painting by John Singer Sargent

When is a Gargoyle Just a Gargoyle? Legend has it that a gargoyle glares at Case from the tower of Amasa Stone Chapel. Did WRU trustees want to show spite toward Leonard Case, Jr., who was an atheist? Chapel was gift of two daughters of Amasa Stone, who would not have allowed spiteful action. Designed by a Boston architect with no ties to local lore, politics. Design based on a European church -- common to place a gargoyle on the west wall.

Depression and Renewal * CSAS * WRC Medicine Move to Univ. Circle WRU Adelbert C. for Women Law Dentistry Libr. Sci. SASS Nursing Cleveland College Graduate Sch. CIT Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Mather

Partisan Spartan? Disliking Viking? Tomlinson Hall (built by Case Institute in 1947) features this fellow over its main entrance. Rumor: Its a Spartan or Viking glaring eastward toward Adelbert College in return for the gargoyle on the chapel. Architect: Its the Searcher, ever seeking new things in the world and in science… (even, it seems, at Western Reserve University). Seeking knowledge, not revenge.

Meet Gaston Fafufnik, CIT 51 Local example of the perennial humor by upperclassmen: the incoming freshman Last of a long line of Fafufniks to matriculate at Case… Gaston has diligently immersed himself in student activities…

Population and Knowledge Explosion * CSAS * WRC Libr. Sci. SASS Nursing Cleveland College CIT Systems Design Jennings C. C. Study of Materials Bus. Admin. * Federation Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Move to Univ. Circle WRU Adelbert C. for Women Law Dentistry Graduate Sch. Mather Medicine

What is a Federation? 1967 merger of CIT, WRU: Unprecedented in higher education Equal partnership (thus the choice of language), but still highly emotional for many Football teams merged in 1970 (competed until then) Intense political, economic, demographic change Editorial cartoon from The Plain Dealer, January 1966

A Modern Research University * CSAS * WRC Libr. Sci. SASS Nursing Cleveland College CIT Systems Design Jennings C. C. Study of Materials Bus. Admin. * Federation Case Western Reserve University Industrial Revolution Urbanization Abolitionist Movement W WWW WW W WW Immigration + Migration Cold War D B. Boom Space, Microelectronics, Molecular Biology…. Rights Movements Iron Ore Reconstrn Western Migration DDD D DD New Move to Univ. Circle WRU Adelbert C. for Women Law Dentistry Graduate Sch. Mather Medicine

Institute for the Study of the University in Society