Refers to the appearance of a new species over time Macroevolution Refers to the appearance of a new species over time

Patterns of Macroevolution Convergent Evolution Directed by environment Species in similar environment should evolve similar adaptations Example: dolphins and sharks/ fish

Coevolution Species that live in close contact have clear adaptations to one another’s existence Example: hummingbirds and flowers

Yucca Moth & Yucca Plant Moth & Lily

Adaptive Radiation Over time, species may split into two or more lines of descendents, or lineages New species enters an environment with few otherspecies

Extinction All members of a species die off Example: dinosaurs

Gradualism Small gradual change over long periods of time Example: Galapagos finches

Punctuated Equilibrium Environmental changes create new pressures which cause new species to appear suddenly