1. How can animals that are not closely related be similar in appearance?
EVOLUTION IN ACTION
How can animals that are not closely related be similar in appearance?
How can animals that are closely related be dissimilar in appearance?

2. EVOLUTION DEFINED…
Evolution of a population is due to environment and the interaction of other species

4. Ex: shark and dolphin, bird and insect wing

5.   sailfin fish flying squirrel

6. Types of Evolution 1. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION:
Organisms with very different ancestors become more alike due to a common environment
Compare analogous structures: same functions but different development

7. Case 3
bat  insect Wing

9. 2. DIVERGENT EVOLUTION:
Populations become more and more dissimilar to adapt to the environment
They share a recent common ancestor
compare homologous structures: similar body part but may have different functions

10. When the dinosaurs died out, mammals evolved to fit niches once used by dinosaurs
Darwin’s Finches are an example of adaptive radiation. They can be found in all areas of the island: the ground, in bushes, in all levels of the trees.

11. Adaptive Radiation: Population undergoes divergent evolution until it fills all areas of the environment

12. Rough-skinned newt and garter snake
Newt evolved to produce neurotoxins then the snake evolved resistance to this toxin through genetic mutations.
Birds and flowers,
Humans and bacteria are other examples

13. 3. COEVOLUTION:
When two species each evolve in response to each other over a long period of time. 
This leads to a close relationship

15. Rate of evolution
Phyletic gradualism: populations of species diverge slowly by accumulating differences in response to the environment
Punctuated Evolution: most populations of species go through long periods of stasis (not changing) then a sudden shift in the environment causes a rapid change

16. WhaT is the rate of plant evolution?