Types of Bonds Unit 5

Valence electrons are involved in bonding. Why do Atoms Bond? To become stable. V = ____ Valence electrons are involved in bonding.

The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds. What is a Chemical Bond? The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds. Poisonous gas Soft, metal + =

Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons C would like to N would like to O would like to Gain 4 electrons Gain 3 electrons Gain 2 electrons

Types of Chemical Bonds 1. Ionic Bonds: formed when atoms lose or gain e- Atoms start off neutral. When they lose or gain e-, they become ions. IONS are charged atoms Occurs between a METAL and a NONMETAL

Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal 19 Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal Electrons either taken or given away Sodium Chlorine + Opposites attract

Losing & Gaining Electrons Nonmetals form ANIONS (-) Metals form CATIONS (+) Na Give Away Nonmetals form ANIONS (-) Cl Take in

Formation of Ions from Metals Ionic compounds result when metals react with nonmetals Metals lose electrons to match the number of valence electrons of their nearest noble gas Positive ions form when the number of electrons are less than the number of protons Group 1 metals  ion 1+ Group 2 metals  ion 2+ Group 13 metals  ion 3+

The (-) ion and (+) ion attract. Opposites Attract The (-) ion and (+) ion attract. Na Cl (1+) (1-) Na Cl A neutral compound

The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron) Ionic Bonds The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)

Ionic Bonds An ionic bond is the resulting attraction for an anion and a cation after an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal

Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e- Types of Chemical Bonds 2. Covalent Bonds: formed when atoms share e-; occurs b/t two nonmetals Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e- Cl Cl BrINClHOF

Covalent Bonding Dogs of equal strength

Covalent Bonds A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-metallic atoms

Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals. Ionic or Covalent? Ionic Bonds: formed between a metal & non-metal. Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals.

Types of Chemical Bonds *Accounts for many physical characteristics of metals, such as strength, malleability, conduction of heat and electricity, etc. 3. Metallic Bonds: formed when metals bond with other metals. (sea of electrons) Types of Chemical Bonds

Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around ! Metallic Bonds Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !

Metallic Bonding Metallic bonds are best characterized by the phrase "a sea of electrons” (also known as delocalized electrons)

A quick Review of Bonds: Ionic Metal (+) Nonmetal (-) Transfer of electrons creates ions that attract. Nonmetal Nonmetal Covalent The sharing of electrons creates. (BrINClHOF) Metal Metal Metallic Metal electrons Metal Metal All electrons are shared in a “sea of electrons.”