Fats.

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Nutrition Chapter 5 - FATS

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Presentation transcript:

Fats

one important of macronutrient . each one gm of fat yield 9 kcal of energy . importance of fat : 1-source of energy & storage . 2-essential nutrient supply . 3-food satiety [ feeling of taste ,& add flavor to food , slow gastric emptying .

Function of Fat : 1-energy production . 2-thermal insulation . 3-vital organ protection . 4-nerve impulse transmission . 5-enter in cell membrane structure & help in transportation of nutrient cross the cell membrane . 6-enter in cell metabolism { lipo protein carry fat in the blood to all cells }. 7-essential precursor substance{ fatty acid & cholesterol }.

N B : too much of fat store in adipose tissue lead to increase body WT hypertension ,heart disease ,diabetes mellitus . *physical characteristic of fat : greasy in touch ,insoluble in water

*types of fat : 1- saturated fat : comes from animal origin ,fatty acid saturated with hydrogen . 2- monosaturated fat : comes from plant origin as olive oil ,fatty acid saturated with one hydrogen ion . 3- poly saturated fat : fatty acid is saturated with two or more of hydrogen ion ,comes from plant source as coconut oil, palm oil .

*essential fatty acid : the body cant manufacture it & therefore must obtain it from the diet .

-function : @ membrane structure { strength the cell membrane }. @cholesterol transport to blood . @has role in blood clotting prolonged of clotting time @ local hormone like effect { prostaglandin ,prostacycline thromboxane ,& leukotriens .

Prostaglandins : 1stly discovered in the semen which comes from prostatic gland . Has role in smooth mulched tone & platelet aggregation . Derived from fatty acid Hormone like action ,regulation of gastric acid secretion. Has role in inflammatory process & body temp. control . Lower of Bp .

*Triglycerides: Three fatty acid chains attached with glycerol ,[ monoglycerids ,diglycerids ,triglycerides ]. saturated fatty acid comes from animal source as milk , meat ,eggs . unsaturated fat comes from plant source as vegetable oils .

visible & hidden food fat : visible butter, margarine ,oil salad dressing ,bacon & cream . hidden fat : egg yolk is fat , white is pure protein , also nuts seeds , olives ,avocadoes .

*cholesterol : Run in blood stream , consider vital structure in human metabolism , origin from steroid . essential in formation of bile . enter in enzymatic digestion of fat . found in large amount in the brain &nerve tissue . essential component of cell membrane . cholesterol has role in cardio vascular disease { atherosclerosis }.

NB: Lipoprotein is a mixture of lipid & protein . -HDL: high density lipoprotein . -LDL: low density lipo protein .

digestion of fat: * -in the mouth fat break down into small particles by chewing & mastication . -in the stomach mechanical mixing of fat with gastric secretion . - in the small intestine , bile secretion & pancreatic enzyme , with small intestine secretion digest fat . - because fat is not water soluble unite with protein to form lipo protein go to lymphatic system for absorption . - metabolism : burn out of fat to produce energy .