The Crusades in Context CHW3M

EL Skip Knox, The Crusades, Boise State University, N.d., http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/crusades/Europe (Dec. 8, 2015)

EL Skip Knox, The Crusades, Boise State University, N.d., http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/images/maps/byzantine_empire_1355.jpg (Dec. 8, 2015)

Homework take up

Basic Facts A: When did they begin and end? B: How many were there? C: Other than Muslims, who else was targeted by the Crusaders as heretics? D: On the whole, were they militarily successful?

Crusades with Benefits A: What did Europeans learn from Muslims? B: How did merchants profit? C: How did commerce develop as a result of the Crusades?

Crusades Were the Crusades a reflection of change or stability (continuity)? Which themes of the middle ages are reflected in the Crusades?

PSD Analysis

Contextualization of a PSD When and where was the document created? What was different then? What was the same? ***How might the circumstances in which the document was created affect its content?

Sourcing a PSD When and by whom was it created? What was the author’s purpose in creating it? What values and worldview does the author have?

Video Key Words – Remember it’s a very sacred society Holy war = violence justified by religion Sin = wrongdoing against God Penance = punishment for sins Salvation = being saved from sin (going to Heaven) Heaven = where those without sin go after death Hell = the opposite of Heaven Infidel = insult used to describe non-believers

Video – Crusades – Pilgrims in Arms (Terry Jones of Monty Python) http://www.veoh.com/watch/v18707282J5dG7ASE Alexius asked _________ to help him _______________ the Turks. The Pope was gaining ___________ and hoped to take over ________________. How to kill in the name of God when Jesus said “turn the other cheek?” It is only a _________ to kill Christians It is OK to kill _______________ It is your ______________ to kill for God

What incentives (encouragements) were offered to Christian Crusaders? They would be freed from penalties for ___ they’ve committed. They can take their enemy’s _____________________ If you die while fighting, your sins will be _________________ How did Urban II use propaganda in his speech at Clermont?

Medicine Read “Comparison of Islamic and European Medicine During the Middle Ages” and the two other handouts, including Ibn Sina’s PSD. Which one sounds more advanced for its time, Islamic or European medicine? If this is true, why did European Christians think of Muslims as “backwards”?

Lesson, con’t Read “Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II Speech at Clermont” only up to [Another of those present…] this is a primary source document (PSD) that gives an account of Pope Urban II’s call for a crusade to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims

PSD Vocabulary Franks = French and German peoples Discourse = speech Exhortations = recommendations (urgings) Grievous = terrible Imminent peril = immediate danger Ignominy = public shame

Close Reading of a PSD What claims does the author make? What evidence does he use? What language does the author use to persuade the audience? Words, phrases, images, symbols How does the language indicate the author’s perspective?

Activity (work as a group but write your own) Fill in the chart below. Urban II’s Bias (pro and con) Christians are … Muslims are …  

Activity, con’t 2. Use the 4 excerpts at your table to help you contextualize the document. Answer: 3. Is Urban’s speech valuable to historians even though it is heavily biased? 4. Would it be better if you put Urban’s speech side by side with Ibn Sina’s ‘On Medicine’? Why or why not?

Homework Take notes on the Black Death, 563-568 using these headings: Why Europe was vulnerable Timing and spread of the plague Symptoms and death Effects: General Social Economic HW needed for entry to class tomorrow.