Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the young nation Pgs. 159 - 171

Foreign policy Set principles used to guide the US in future dealings with other countries Great Seal of the US – used to mark their approval of important documents ($1) Represents founders hopes and dreams Bald eagle – represents national power Olive Branch – represents peace

Washington’s foreign policy No army – not enough money to keep one and didn’t want it used to take rights away Threats: North – Britain Threats: South and West – Spain Policy of Neutrality – would not aid France or Britain in war against each other Isolationism – avoiding alliances

Dilemma 1 Jay Treaty – British agreed to pull troops from Ohio Valley, French thought this as betrayal and attacked US ships XYZ Affair – French secret agents met US reps said no peace talks unless give large sum of $ Americans very upset Recruited troops and built more ships Gained Adams popularity

Pursue peace President sent peace mission Napoleon Bonaparte – taken over France, wants peace with US and Britain and end the alliance Choosing peace cost Adams popularity Federalists lost support Adams left nation at peace with no alliances

Questions What did the Great Seal represent? What did the olive branch stand for? What did the bald eagle stand where? Where can you find the Great Seal? Who were threats to the US? What were the 2 foreign policies Washington created? What was the Jay Treaty? What was the XYZ Affair? Who took over France and wanted peace with US?

Dilemma 2: Pirates France and Britain seized US ships if traded with their enemy Jefferson tried to remain neutral Britain began kidnapping US sailors to join their army Piracy in the Barbary Coast of North Africa America quietly paid them in exchange for safety of ships Tripoli wanted more money so declared war on the US

Jefferson’s solution Sent small fleet to Mediterranean to protect ships Bombarded ships with cannons Tripoli captured the captain and crew of the Philadelphia and held them for ransom America raided Tripoli harbor and set ship on fire Tripoli signed peace treaty with US – agreed to stop payments and US paid $60,000 ransom Embargo Act of 1807 – stopped trade with other nations to hurt them, more painful to US, repealed in 1809

Dilemma 3: Protection New President – James Madison New approach to protecting US at sea Deal – stop attacking ships, US will stop trade with your enemy France agreed to deal, Britain kept taking ships South and West wanted war to stop Americans being kidnapped and get rid of the British in Canada British military provided weapons to Indians Americans wanted to end Indian threat “War Hawks” – eager for war

War of 1812 Declared war on Britain, unprepared America could not conquer Canada Made west safer for settlers British invaded DC, burned the city, president’s house gone Baltimore – heavy bombing from Britain Francis Scott Key – wrote poem “The Star- Spangled Banner” to describe feelings knowing American flag was still flying New Orleans – British invaded, Andrew Jackson and army won, national hero, unnecessary battle Treaty of Ghent – ended war before New Orleans

Francis Scott Key – wrote poem “The Star- Spangled Banner” to describe feelings knowing American flag was still flying New Orleans – British invaded, Andrew Jackson and army won, national hero, unnecessary battle Treaty of Ghent – ended war before New Orleans

Dilemma 4: Latin America President – James Monroe Mexico and South America wanted freedom from Spain Miguel Hidalgo – inspired 10 year revolution Won independence Latin America could now trade with other countries Britain supported revolution, wanted US to help them make sure Spain left Latin America alone

Monroe Doctrine Any nation in North or South America could not be taken by Europeans Thought doctrine was arrogant Created isolationism as US Foreign Policy We would not tolerate anything from Europe US no longer weak, became strong and confident nation to be respected

Questions What piracy dilemma did the US face? What happened on the Philadelphia? What was the Embargo Act of 1807? What cities did Britain invade in the War of 1812? Who wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner?” Why did Latin America revolt against Spain? What was the Monroe Doctrine? What was the US Foreign Policy?