Chapter 14 Industry & Urban Growth p. 478-509 In the late 1800s, industrialization causes urban growth, alters the way business is run, and prompts education reform. A new wave of immigration transforms America.

Chapter 14, Section 1 A New Industrial Revolution p. 482-487 After the Civil War, the United States experiences rapid industrial growth.

14.1 section focus question: What conditions spurred the growth of industry?

Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry Bessemer in 1855 Why Industry Boomed Main Idea: Abundant resources, new technology, government aid to business, and a railroad boom all contribute to industrial growth. U.S. was (still is?) rich in natural resources: Coal Iron Lead Copper Timber Oil Technology becomes a factor in replacing iron with STEEL. Bessemer process: method of making stronger steel at a lower cost. U.S. miners Bessemer Furnace: invented by Henry Bessemer in 1855 Steel replaces iron as a basic building material.

Oil & a Railroad BOOM OIL “Black Gold” used for lubricant in machines later in gasoline for automobiles Railroads link resources to industries Competition is limited by consolidating (combining) rail lines into a few big companies. Offer rebates (discounts) to best (biggest) customers Small farmers (Populists) are angered Edwin Drake strikes OIL in Titusville, PA -1859

Inventors and Inventions Main Idea: Thomas Edison and other inventors create hundreds of devices that make life easier. Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter (1868) Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone (1876) Organizes the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). Thomas Alva Edison sets up his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey Experiments with electricity Most famous invention: the electric light bulb. (1879) Inventors required patents to protect their inventions legal document that gives sole rights to make and sell an invention Inventors & their Inventions 1868-1908

A Transportation Revolution Main Idea: The automobile and the airplane launch an age of fast transportation. Henry Ford makes automobiles available to millions. Here’s how: Assembly line manufacturing moves products along a belt during assembly Increases production and reduces costs 4.5 million own cars by 1917 The Wright Brothers (Orville & Wilbur): invent first airplane (1903) Usher in the age of flight Ford assembly line First flight, December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC., only lasted 12 seconds

14.1 section focus question: What conditions spurred the growth of industry? Government policies helped businesses grow, new technology allowed railroads & cities to expand, and new sources of energy supplied industry needs.