Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA main functions of DNA (deoxribonucleic acid): 1. makes up chromosomes and genes (section of DNA that codes for a specific protein) 2. controls all cell activities including cell division and protein synthesis 3. undergoes mutations which are important to process of evolution main functions of RNA (ribonucleic acid): *works with DNA to direct protein synthesis

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA Nucleotide: 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate, nitrogen-containing base (monomer) (1 ring = pyrimidine, 2 rings = purine)

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA DNA sugar: DNA sugar: DNA sugar: deoxyribose RNA sugar: ribose

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA DNA Nitrogenous bases: adenine guanine thymine cytosine purines pyrimidines RNA Nitrogenous bases: uracil replaces thymine

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA DNA & RNA complementary base pairing: *hydrogen bonding adenine thymine (uracil) guanine cytosine 2 bonds 3 bonds

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA DNA Structure: - 2 antiparallel strands of nucleic acids in nucleus - each strand has a backbone of sugars + phosphates of joined nucleotides - bases stick out, hydrogen-bond with complementary bases of other strand - 2 strands wind around each other forming double helix

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA RNA Structure: - single strand of nucleic acid, formed off a DNA template in nucleus - migrates to cytoplasm during protein synthesis

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA ATP: adenosine triphosphate - nucleotide used as primary carrier of energy in cells - adenine base + ribose + 3 phosphates - bond between outer 2 phosphates very high in energy: when broken, much energy released, can be used by cell (e.g. muscle contraction) - bond between 1st/2nd phosphate also high in energy, not as high as between 2 end phosphates - ATP mostly produced inside mitochondria during process of cellular respiration high energy phosphate bonds