1. DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded a-helix
made of a 5 – carbon sugar (ribose)
Makes up the backbone
3’ – 5’ is leading
5’ – 3’ is lagging
Both antiparallel to each other
A phosphate group (PO4) attaches the 5’ C of one ribose molecule to the 3’ of the next
Called a phosphodiester bond (R-O-P-O-R)
a nucleotide (A, C, T, or G) is attached to the 1’ carbon of the ribose molecule
Nucleotide attached to the ribose by a glycosidic bond
Nucleotides are bound to each other by a series of H-bonds

2. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids carry the genetic information in genes that is necessary to assemble all of the macromolecules of the body. 
There are 2 types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- ATCG) and ribonucleic acid (RNA-AUCG).
Removed in DNA

3. Classes of Nucleic Acids
Pyrimidines
6 member ring of carbon and nitrogen
Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), & Uracil (U)
T - only in DNA, U - only in RNA, & C - both DNA & RNA
RNA
DNA
Nucleoside triphosphate

4. Classes of Nucleic Acids
Purines
Are larger with a 6 member ring of carbon and nitrogen fused to a 5 member ring
Adenine (A), and Guanine (G)
A & G are found in both DNA & RNA

5. Chargaff’s Rule Human DNA showed the following:
The similarity of A/T & C/G became known as Chargaff's rule.
Complimentary Base Pairing
C pairs with G
Triple H-bond
A pairs with T or U
Double H-bond