Heritage from the LOFT-M3 study: Collimator Assembly The LAD Assembly Heritage from the LOFT-M3 study: Collimator Assembly

Microchannel Plate technology The LAD Collimator Microchannel Plate technology

The LAD Collimator plates requirements Glass Type High Lead content Lead-oxide equivalent content 37% minimum Aspect Ratio 60:1 Pore shape squared Pore size 83 m Wall thickness 16 m (X-ray transparency <1% @ 30 keV) Open Area Ratio 70% Plate thickness 6 mm Plate size 111.00 mm x 72.50 mm Pore-to-pore alignment 1 arc minute Pore to surface alignment Plate flatness Pore surface roughness (nearly-)no reflection of X-rays down to 1 keV or >13 nm rms micro-roughness Surface coating 80 nm Aluminum self-standing coating on one side (TBC) Natural radioactivity 7100 Bq/m2 (natural 40K)

The LAD Collimator plates LOFT Baselines: - LOFT-M3: - Square pores - Photonis (France) manufacturer - ESA procurement - ESA TDA - Recommendation for a round pore approach - LOFT-M4: - Round pores - Hamamatsu (Japan) manufacturer - In-kind contribution by Japan

The LAD Collimator plates: Photonis option Photonis: - Long heritage for manufacturing (MCPs for night vision) - ESA-supported Technology Development Activity in 2012-14 - Full-scale, «almost» full-spec prototype developed and tested (still some reflection at low energies) – square pore - Expectation to reach 75% OAR (currently 70% demonstrated) - Credible (ESA-approved) production plan in place - Space heritage from BepiColombo on the way - High costs - Manufacturer in France, but no perspective CNES support - Need for ESA support

The LAD Collimator plates: Photonis option

The LAD Collimator plates: Photonis option

The LAD Collimator plates: Hamamatsu option Hamamatsu: - Long heritage for manufacturing (MCPs) - ISAS-supported development activity - Small/Half-scale prototypes developed and tested - Development still required for: full-size, verify reduced reflection (>30nm declared), verify surface-pore alignment - High OAR (75%) and Pb content (>40%) - Credible production plan in place - Space heritage from MCPs - Low costs - Potential in-kind contribution from Japan

The LAD Collimator plates: Hamamatsu option 25 mm

The LAD Collimator plates: Hamamatsu option

The LAD Collimator plates Conclusions: - The Photonis collimator is certainly the most mature technology for the eXTP application - However, the technology development required for the Hamamatsu supplier are considered not critical - The programmatic scenario appears more viable with Hamamatsu, which is now considered as the current baseline for the eXTP/LAD.