General Definition Membrane Processes include a broad range of seperation processes from filtration to ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. A semi-permeable.

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Presentation transcript:

General Definition Membrane Processes include a broad range of seperation processes from filtration to ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. A semi-permeable membrane is a VERY THIN film that allows some types of matter to pass through while leaving others behind.

Types of Membrane processes Microfiltration (MF) Ultrafiltration (UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Dialysis / Electrodialysis (ED)

Examples for Applications of Membrane Processes Desalting seawater Holding back seawater intrusion Treating brackish groundwater Water softening Wastewater recovery Removing color, odor, and other organic contaminants

Process Configuration - General Influent to the membrane module: Feed water / feed stream Liquid that passes through the semi-permeable membrane: permeate / product stream / permeating stream Product Semi-permeable membrane Feed Concentrate Liquid containing the retained constituents: Concentrate / retentate / reject / retained phase / waste stream

TMP: TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE: The pressure that is needed to press water through a membrane is called Trans Membrane Pressure (TMP).

Dalton (symbol: Da) is the standard unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass) has a value of 1.660538921(73)×10−27 kg

ELECTRO DIALYSIS Electro dialysis is an electrochemical charge driven separation process whereby dissolved ions are separated through ion permeable membranes under the influence of an electrical potential created by an anode and a cathode. Ion permeable membranes consist of anion and cation exchange membranes arranged in an alternating mode between the anode and the cathode. The membranes allow opposite charged ions to pass through but reject similar charged ions. This results in an alternating enriched ions in concentrated compartments and depleted ions in the diluted compartments.

Pleated Cartridge type Filter