You need a purple, blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink highlighter AUGUST 29, 2016 You need a purple, blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink highlighter Greece GSPRITE notes HW: Greece & Rome Vocab due 9/14

Greek geography Greece is a mountainous peninsula with hundreds of islands in the Mediterranean Sea Communities were isolated Developed differently Fought frequently No community is farther than 85 miles from coast = ? Emphasis on navy and coastal trade

Geography and Economics Advanced navy and ships (Greeks skilled sailors) Trade around Mediterranean

Geography and Technology Terraced farming

Geography and Politics Small, isolated communities  Polis (city- states) Acropolis was seat of religious temples and government Rest of city was built in the valley Landowning men held all the political power

Social Structure Patrilineal Elite, landowning males were citizens Slaves made up ¾ of society

Unifying Force = Greek Culture The Greeks were the original Olympiads.

Greek Religion Polytheistic Based off a family of gods Each god represented a different aspect of life or nature

Intellectual Accomplishments Adopted and adapted Phoenician alphabet Word alphabet comes from the Greek letters alpha and beta Common language united the often divided Greeks

Greek Technology and Architecture Greeks invented arches and columns.

Greek Architecture

Greek Technology The Greeks invented the crane

Greek Military Invented the catapult It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and buildings

Greek Military Hoplite: a Greek infantry soldier Lessened class divides because the everyday man could protect their city-state

Greek Art Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdXXK_PTkUU

Geography Social (underlined) Political Religion Intellectual Technology Economics

Athens vs. Sparta

Sparta Spartan society valued bravery, strength, and soldiers Boys were sent to military school at a young age. Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides

Sparta Rejected trade and other outside influence No emphasis on the arts or philosophy

Spartan Women Spartan women expected to be healthy and strong Women were valued because they gave birth to soldiers When men were at war, women took over control More rights than many other Greek city-states

Spartan Govt. Ruled by an oligarchy A govt. ruled by a few elite Had 2 kings and a council of elders Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of 30

Spartan Military Phalanx: military formation. Soldiers stood close together and created a pod with their shields, then attacked with 10 ft. long spears. Hard for opposition to infiltrate

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpLtXIlkyYA Phalanx in movie Troy

Athens Trade center that focused on individual thought, the arts, philosophy, and education

Political Structure Democracy: Demos = people Kratos = power Athens was a direct democracy where the citizens vote on everything. (citizens were male land-owners) The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for representative who vote and make decisions for us.

Political Structure Basic principles of democracy founded in Athens: Majority Rule Civic Debate Impartial Juries Rule of Law Legislature (Council of 500)

Society Values Well rounded education: reading, writing, poetry, music, public speaking Importance on arts and architecture Athens becomes cultural center of Greece Encouraged trade with other countries Welcomed new ideas

Women in Athens No share in political life Essential to religious life Women managed the household Received no formal education Aristotle said “ the man is by nature fitter for command than the female, just as an older person is superior to a younger, immature person”