9 The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System I. Introduction A. = control system composed of Endocrine Glands that make Hormones B. * Major Organ Systems & Processes Controlled = LIST

Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male) Figure 9.3

C. How Hormones work *Hormones: Define 2. *Target Cells & Organs = 3. Protein Receptors 4. Two Mechanisms-- what Hormones do to DNA: 5. Connection to Brain: Brain/Hypothalamus Hormone DNA Receptor TTARGET CELL

Releasing hormones secreted into portal circulation Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Hypophyseal portal system Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Growth hormone (GH) Bones and muscles Prolactin (PRL) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyrotropic hormone (TH) Adrenal cortex Mammary glands Thyroid Testes or ovaries Figure 9.4

II. Specific Hormones A. Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus II. Specific Hormones A. Pituitary Gland 1. *Location: Two lobes: name and give type tissue made of

2. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary a. Growth hormone i) Target Organs: ii) Functions: Metabolism Production of proteins Cell Division & Growth = Fats for energy, not glucose: iii) Disorders Pituitary dwarfism Gigantism

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary… b. *Prolactin *Target Organ *Function: c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone *Target Organ: Function Involvement of Hypothalamus: d. Reproductive Stimulating Hormones Function: Involvement of Hypothalamus

3. Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary a. Antidiuretic hormone *Target Organ Function: b. *Oxytocin *Functions what are they? (1) (2)

B. Thyroid Gland *Location Hormones a. Thyroid hormone Target Cells Functions b. Calcitonin 10

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease) Figure 9.9 11

C. Adrenal Glands 1. *Location: 2. Hormones-- many Epinephrine (adrenaline) b. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Deal with: 12

D. Pancreas-- Pancreatic Islets 1. *Location: 2. Hormones Together the below hormones control blood sugar a. Insulin b. Glucagon Other parts of the Pancreas: 13

E. Gonads Location Hormones of the Ovaries Estrogens Progesterone 3. Hormones of the Testes Testosterone 14

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