RAT DISSECTION Image from: http://www.animationlibrary.com
VIBRISSAE Nictitating membrane EXTERNAL NARES Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005 Nictitating membrane VIBRISSAE EXTERNAL NARES
Nictitating membrane in Mammals Present in most mammals More functional in some than others Vestigial in HUMANS and other PRIMATES http://www.warrenphotographic.co.uk/photography/bigs/15156-Sick-kitten-showing-nictitating-membranes.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray892.png
SPECIALIZED TEETH (Different shapes) Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005 SPECIALIZED TEETH (Different shapes) RODENTS: 2 pairs of INCISORS Grow CONTINUOUSLY
PINNA Catches sound Tympanic membrane (eardrum) inside ear opening Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
MAMMARY GLANDS Modified sweat glands Males are non-functional Have nipples but don’t have right hormones to make milk
EXIT OPENINGS Separate exit for feces = anus
FEMALES have 3 Exit openings Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 FEMALES have 3 Exit openings
MALES have 2 Exit openings ANUS UROGENITAL (Excretory & Reproductive share) Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
TESTES outside body in SCROTUM Need to be cooler than body temperature to make sperm Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
DIAPHRAGM Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
DIAPHRAGM Contracts to pull in air (negative pressure breathing) Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Contracts to pull in air (negative pressure breathing) Divides coelom into: THORACIC CAVITY heart & lungs ABDOMINAL CAVITY digestive, excretory, reproductive organs
SPLEEN Peeks out from behind stomach Makes, stores, and processes blood cells Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
PANCREAS Makes TRYPSIN digest proteins Makes INSULIN (In mesentery next to duodenum) Makes TRYPSIN digest proteins Makes INSULIN tells cells to store blood glucose as glycogen Makes GLUCAGON tells cells to release stored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
MESENTERY Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Stomach
Add acid/grind & mash food SMALL INTESTINE: STOMACH - Add acid/grind & mash food SMALL INTESTINE: DUODENUM- Add trypsin (digest proteins) & bile (digest fat) JEJUNUM- Finish digestion/absorb nutrients ILEUM- VILLI-increase surface area for greater absorption http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/432410/350wm/F0043031-Intestinal_villi,_artwork-SPL.jpg
CECUM- “J” Pouch at junction of small and large intestine Contain bacteria to digest plant material LARGE INTESTINE- Collect & Concentrate digestive waste absorb water back from feces RECTUM- Last part of Large intestine Stores feces waiting to exit ANUS Exit opening for digestive waste only
TRACHEA Cartilage rings keep airway open Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 20075
BRONCHI ALVEOLI Increase surface area for more gas exchange http://www.daviddarling.info/images/respiratory_tract.jpg
4 chamber heart/2 loops Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
SINUS VENOSUS & CONUS ARTERIOSUS ARE GONE Main vein returning from body = VENA CAVA Main vein from lungs = PULMONARY VEIN Main artery to body = AORTA Main artery to lungs = PULMONARY ARTERY http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_anatomy.html
Make digestive enzymes Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 SALIVARY GLANDS Make digestive enzymes AMYLASE starts digesting complex carbohydrates (starch) in mouth
SEMINAL VESICLES- Store sperm Add fluids VAS DEFERENS- Carry sperm to EPIDIDYMIS- Mature sperm Add tails TESTES- Make sperm Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005 OVARY- Makes eggs OVIDUCT- Carries eggs to uterus UTERUS- place where baby grows VAGINA- Exit for baby VIVIPARITY- Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
KIDNEYS Excrete nitrogen waste Osmoregulation URETERS Carry urine to bladder Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
URINARY BLADDER URETHRA carries urine from bladder to exit Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005