1. Frog Dissection

3. Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish

4. Scientific American; Dec 2005; Vol 293; p100-107

5. FROG ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life”
LATIN meaning
KINGDOM _____________
PHYLUM ____________________________
SUBPHYLUM ___________________________
CLASS _______________________________
ORDER _____________________________
ANIMALIA
CHORDATA
VERTEBRATA “backbone”
AMPHIBIA “double life”
ANURA “without a tail”

6. AMPHIBIAN CHARACTERISTICS
Moist, thin skin without scales
Aquatic larva changes to terrestrial adult
Feet without claws
Respiration with gills, lungs, skin, mouth
Closed 2 loop circulation
Ectothermic (cold blooded)
Eggs without shells or multicellular membranes

7. http://users. erols. com/jkimball. ma

8. ECTOTHERMIC “cold blooded”
Body temperature is dependent on surrounding environment

9. HIBERNATION/ ESTIVATION
FAT stored in FAT BODIES provides energy
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10. What sex is it? Images from:

12. Nictitating membrane Used for breathing Eardrum, located behind eyes
Clear eyelid,
protects the eye
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13. NO CLAWS
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14. EXIT OPENINGS DIGESTIVE WASTE (feces) = _________________ ANUS
Shared EXCRETORY & REPRODUCTIVE EXIT =
_____________________________
(Urine & eggs or Urine & sperm)
ANUS
UROGENITAL PORE

15. TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!
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TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!

16. Tube leading to the stomach Equalize pressure in inner ear
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Tube leading to
the stomach
Equalize pressure
in inner ear
Used for holding
prey
Used for holding
prey
Used for
breathing

17. GLOTTIS Opening to lungs GULLET Opening to esophagus Front attached,
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Front attached,
aids in grabbing prey
GLOTTIS
Opening to
lungs
GULLET
Opening to esophagus

18. OVARIES
Make eggs
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19. Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
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Carry eggs to cloaca
Add jelly coating

20. TESTES
MAKE SPERM

21. TESTES KIDNEY

22. Females may have black & white eggs
Image from; Laboratory/frog%20dissection/frog%20dissection_files/frame.htm
Females may have black & white eggs

23. Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
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Pericardial membrane around heart
Mesentery holds intestines together

24. FAT BODIES Store fat for energy during: Hibernation Breeding
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25. Image from: http://step.sdsc.edu/projects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html

26. Gall Bladder
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27. Esophagus Stomach Tube that connects mouth to stomach
Make acid and digestive enzymes
Start digestion (grind up food)

28. LIVER: GALL BLADDER Make bile Store glycogen Store vitamins
Process toxins (including nitrogen waste) for kidneys
Store bile

29. PANCREAS

30. Pancreas (enlarged)

31. PANCREAS: Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins
INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from
bloodstream as glycogen
GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored
glucose to blood stream

32. SPLEEN
Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones

33. SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM Receives trypsin and bile; finishes digestion
ILEUM
Absorbs nutrients
VILLI
Increase surface area

34. LARGE INTESTINE Removes water from digestive waste; concentrates feces
LARGE INTESTINE
Removes water from digestive waste;
concentrates feces

35. 10 Body Systems : ___________ __________ _____________ EXCRETORY
___________________
Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms:
___________ __________ _____________
MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least liver water to dilute
FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
EXCRETORY
AMMONIA
UREA
URIC ACID

36. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE waste- left over from undigested food travels through digestive system
leaves through digestive system as feces
EXCRETORY waste- (Also called NITROGEN WASTE) made by cells from break down of proteins
travels through blood stream
leaves through excretory system as
ammonia, urea, or uric acid

37. KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; osmoregulation
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38. URINARY BLADDER STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS LARVAE (Tadpoles)
Excrete AMMONIA like fish
Adult frogs excrete
UREA to conserve water

39. CLOACA
Posterior opening that serves as the only opening for the intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts

40. HEART
3 chambered heart

41. Heart 3 chambered heart Pumps blood
Atria to ventricles to body and lungs and back to atria.
Ventricle contains both high oxygen and low oxygen blood (mixed)
Not as efficient as if ventricle is divided
Such as in mammals

42. http://www. flushing. k12. mi. us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/index
LUNGS:
GAS EXCHANGE