A B C Key Question: How and why do V-shaped valleys change downstream

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Presentation transcript:

A B C Key Question: How and why do V-shaped valleys change downstream Key Words: Flood Plain Interlocking Spurs Bluffs Meanders Vertical erosion Lateral Erosion A B C SPOT THE DIFFERENCE In pairs spot at least 3 differences in river the river valley cross profiles further downstream.

U-shape V-shape Less steep sides with river filling bottom Complete the table to show the similarities and differences between V-Shaped and U-shaped Valleys U-shape V-shape Shape? Structure? Size? Processes that formed them? Other Features? Less steep sides with river filling bottom Steep sides with flat bottom River and boulders fill bottom of valley Cut out of solid rock Larger (wider / deeper) Smaller RIVERS (Abrasion, corrosion, Hydraulic action) ICE (Glacial Abrasion) Till covers floor. Mis-fit stream Interlocking Spurs

The Long Profile of a River SKETCH THIS DIAGRAM Use a pencil and ruler make sure you add the label to the axes Vertical Erosion Dominant Lateral Erosion Dominant

The Long Profile of a River In the upper course of a river the gradient is…………………… and a river tends to be well away from its…………… ………………. . Here ………………….. erosion is dominant. This forms steep sided ………-shaped valleys with ………………………. spurs. steep base level vertical V Flood Plain & Bluffs interlocking In the lower course the river is ……………… to its base level so tends to …………… out on its …………………. . Here………………….. erosion is dominant. closer V-shaped Valleys and Interlocking Spurs spread floodplain lateral

Changing Valley Cross Profile Downstream Make a Summary Sketch to show the changes in valley cross profile downstream Use a pencil and ruler for the diagrams & label in pen. Give your work a title! Changing Valley Cross Profile Downstream

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles

River Cross-Sections & Long Profiles Straight valley sides Moderately steep valley sides Small flood plain River

Cross-Sections 1 Answers B 275 Long Profile 50 Y X W X 275 150 250 125 225 Cross Profiles 100 200 75 175 50 150

Cross-Sections 1 Answers B 275 Steeper Gradient in the Upper and Middle Course Long Profile Shallower Gradient in the lower course 50 Y X W X 275 150 Cross Valley Profiles 250 125 River 225 River 100 Wider Valley Profile -less vertical erosion -more lateral erosion -Flood plain begins to form 200 75 175 50 150 V-shaped Valley -intense vertical erosion -limited lateral erosion

River length = 18cm on map 1.5cm = 1km 18/1.5 = 12km