America establishes its boundaries Westward Expansion 1801-1861 America establishes its boundaries

Manifest Destiny

Big Ideas… Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement. Westward migration was influenced by geography and economic opportunity. Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the North; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming society in the South.

Post-Revolutionary America

The Louisiana Purchase New territories added to the United States after 1801 Louisiana Purchase Jefferson bought land from France (the Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States. In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.

Lousiana Purchase

Other Territories Florida Texas Oregon California Spain gave Florida to the United States through a treaty. Texas Texas was added after it became an independent republic. Oregon The Oregon Territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain. California War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States.

Florida, Texas, Oregon, California

Factors affecting westward expansion Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movement Population growth in the eastern states Availability of cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves) Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats and the Railroad Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe) Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country

Important Inventions The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.

Important Inventions Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the reaper. The reaper increased the productivity of the American farmer.

Famous Inventions The steamboat was improved by Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories. The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation.

Railroads and expansionism Why the railroad was needed. Plans to link the West to the East. Projected costs of the plan. The estimated manpower of the project. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist4/practical.html http://cprr.org/Museum/index.html http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/history/hist-ovr.shtml http://web.archive.org/web/20020126231648/http://www.geocities.com/%7Eronkohlin/rr/transcon.htm

Connecting the Country http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/iron/

The Workers http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/iron/teachers.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/iron/

Job Well Done

http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/graphics/goldspik.gif

www.uprr.com/aboutup/photos/maps.shtml#0

Union Pacific Railroad Starting Point: Omaha, Nebraska Ending Point: Promontory Summit, Utah Start Date: July 10, 1865 Finish Date: May 9, 1869 Length Of Track: Approximately 1200 Miles

Central Pacific Railroad Starting Point: Sacramento, California Ending Point: Promontory, Utah Start Date: January 8, 1863 Finish Date: May 9, 1869 Length Of Track: Approximately 850 Miles

Connecting Georgia with the railroad This 137-mile line between Atlanta and Chattanooga was built in 1841–50 by the State of Georgia at a cost of almost five million dollars. Surveys for the line began in 1837, and the first train ran from Marthasville (Atlanta) to Marietta on December 23, 1842. The locomotive had to be hauled by wagon from Madison, which was at the time the terminus of the Georgia Railroad. Regular service would not begin until 1845. The Georgia Railroad reached Atlanta in September of 1845, followed by the Macon and Western the following year. In 1854, the Atlanta and West Point opened a fourth line into town, coming in from the southwest. The W&A became a key link in the chain of Southern antebellum railroads connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River and was the foundation for Atlanta’s emergence as a rail center.

Map of the Western Atlantic in Georgia Map showing From Atlanta to Chattanooga

Map showing the Western connecting with Columbus and Macon

Essential Questions What new territories became part of the United States between 1801 and 1861? What factors influenced westward migration? How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? How did Atlanta emerge as a rail center? What did the railroad network provide for Americans?