What you need to know about the modern civil rights era The Fight For Equality What you need to know about the modern civil rights era

vocab Discrimination- unfair treatment of someone based on their membership in a group defined by race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation or other factors. Segregation-the separation of a specific racial, religious, or other group from the general body of society. Integration- a situation in which different groups-such as those defined by race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, or other factors-live together and use the same facilities.

Vocab continued De facto discrimination- unfair treatment of someone that is a matter of custom but not based in law. De jure discrimination- unfair treatment of someone that is based on laws.

More vocab Retaliation- an action taken as revenge Non-violence- a theory and practice that emphasizes love of all beings and a refusal to respond to violence with violence. Unconstitutional- inconsistent with the provisions in a country’s constitution.

Brown Vs. Board of Education Reverend Oliver Brown testified on behalf of his daughter, Linda, and hundreds of other black students, challenging segregation. Chief Justice warren declared segregation unconstitutional May 17, 1954 (under provisions of the 14th amendment). Thurgood marshall represented the Reverend brown and others in this landmark supreme court case. In effect, the longstanding Plessy vs ferguson decision of 1896 was reversed. “Separate but equal”

Voting rights act of 1965 Signed into law under president Lyndon b. Johnson in 1965. Prohibits discrimination in voting; protects voting rights in amendments 14 and 15 of the u.s. constitution. Some consider this act the most effective civil rights legislation enacted in the u.s.

Civil rights act of 1964 Called for by President john f. Kennedy and signed into law by president Lyndon b. Johnson in 1964. The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing.

14th amendment 1868 (reconstruction amendments 13, 14, 15) Four principles were asserted in the text of the 14th amendment. They were: State and federal citizenship for all persons regardless of race both born or naturalized in the United States was reaffirmed. No state would be allowed to abridge the "privileges and immunities" of citizens. No person was allowed to be deprived of life, liberty,or property without "due process of law." No person could be denied "equal protection of the laws."

15th amendment 1870 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.