1. Civil Rights 14 th Amendment “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

2. Citizenship Jus soli Jus sanguinis Naturalization US Citizenship test PDF

3. Protected Groups African Americans Racial or ethnic groups Women Elderly Disabled

4. Areas of Society Education Housing Credit Public places Employment Voting Concerned with remedying past discrimination as well as prohibiting current.

5. Standards Strict scrutiny Inherently suspect Compelling government interest Intermediate scrutiny Substantial relation to governmental interest Reasonable discrimination to support governmental interest Rational basis test

6. Politics and Laws Civil Rights Acts of 1964 Voting, public accommodation, education, federal funding (Title IV) De jure and de facto segregation Twenty-fourth Amendment Voting Rights Act of 1965 (renewed in 2006) Economic empowerment vs. victimization

7. African Americans Cases: Brown v. Board of Education Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. US Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Schools CA Board of Regents v. Bakke Webster v. Kaiser Aluminum Grutter v. Bollinger

8. Equal Rights for Women Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments.docDeclaration of Sentiments.doc Intermediate scrutiny standard Affirmative action ERA Reasonable differential treatment Rosteker v. Goldberg (1981) Sexual harassment Quid pro quo = strict liability Hostile environment = negligence

9. Current Issues Abortion Title IX Family Leave Act Doctrine of Comparable Worth Women in combat