A homogeneous mixture in which the components are uniformly mixed

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Presentation transcript:

A homogeneous mixture in which the components are uniformly mixed SOLUTIONS A homogeneous mixture in which the components are uniformly mixed

Terms Solvent – the substance present in the largest amount in a solution. The substance that does the dissolving. Solute – the other substance or substances in a solution. The substance that is dissolved.

Terms Saturated Unsaturated When a solution contains the maximum amount of solute Unsaturated When a solvent can dissolve more solute

Few more terms… Concentrated Dilute When a relatively large amount of solute is dissolved Dilute When a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved

MOLARITY Molarity-the number of moles of solute per liters of solution M = molarity = moles of solute liter of solution

The Molarity Triangle mol M L

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 11 Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 11.5 g of NaOH in enough water to make a 1.50 L solution.

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 1 Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.56 g of HCl into enough water to make 26.8 ml of solution.

Calculate the number of grams of sodium phosphate required to make 150 Calculate the number of grams of sodium phosphate required to make 150. ml of a 2.5M solution.

How many liters of solution are needed to dissolve 5 How many liters of solution are needed to dissolve 5.0 g of hydrochloric acid to make a 3.0 M hydrochloric acid solution?

Density and dilutions

DENSITY What is the relationship between density and molarity? The greater molarity of a solution, the __________ dense the solution is.

DILUTIONS M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 Where M = molarity V = volume

Some practice What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M H2SO4

More practice What volume of 12 M HCl must be used to prepare 0.75 L of a 0.25 M HCl?

Solutions Solubility

Review of Terms Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Concentrated When a solution contains the maximum amount of solute Unsaturated When a solvent can dissolve more solute Supersaturated When the solution contains more solute than a saturated solution will hold at that temperature Concentrated When a relatively large amount of solute is dissolved Dilute When a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved

Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution Surface Area Stirring Temperature

Temperature vs Solubility