#40 Ch 11 S 3 Details: Read & Notes Ch 11 S 3 __________________ 11.4.5: Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. 11.10.5: Discuss the diffusion of the civil rights movement of African Americans from the churches of the rural South and the urban North 11.10.7: Analyze the women’s rights movement from the era of Elizabeth Stanton and Susan Anthony and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

Chapter 11: The First World War Section 3: The War at Home

Video: Unitedstreaming.com WWI- War on the Home Front

Standards 11.4.5: Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. 11.10.5: Discuss the diffusion of the civil rights movement of African Americans from the churches of the rural South and the urban North 11.10.7: Analyze the women’s rights movement from the era of Elizabeth Stanton and Susan Anthony and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

Objectives: Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: Explain how business and government cooperated during the war List ways the government promoted the war Describe the attacks on civil liberties Summarize the social changes that occurred among African-Americans and women

The President Gains Ultimate Power Because of the technological advancements and new weapons being used in this war, the U.S. economy had to make a major shift. The entire economy had to be refocused on the war effort. The U.S. gov’t stepped in for the conversion. Power of U.S. gov’t was greatly expanded President gained power to control economy by fixing prices, and regulating certain war industries How did government change because of WWI?

War Industries Board (WIB) (1917) Encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency and eliminate waste. Production increased 20% Chemicals, meatpacking, oil, and steel prices soared as did profits for the corporations.

War Economy Wages rose but were countered by rising consumer prices. Unions boomed during this time: Uneven pay between management and labor Increased work hours Child labor “Sped-up” working conditions Wilson threatened to draft strikers “Work or fight” WIB worked for safety and 8 hr workday for workers.

Food Administration Goal: Help produce and conserve food Gospel of the clean plate Days of the week were: Meatless Sweetless Wheatless Porkless Victory Gardens Farming in public parks (kids) How did the war effect the U.S. economy? How did civilians respond to the war?

Selling the War Two major tasks: $35.5 billion spent by U.S. on war Raising Money Convincing people to support the war $35.5 billion spent by U.S. on war 1/3 paid by raising taxes Progressive income tax War profits tax Excise tax (tobacco, liquor, luxury goods) 2/3 paid by “Liberty/Victory Loan” bonds.

Committee on Public Information Propaganda agency to popularize the war Biased communication to influence people’s thoughts and actions George Creel was head of CPI CPI: Created thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war. 75,000 “Four-Minute Men” spoke to crowds about: the draft, rationing, bond drives, victory gardens, why we fight, and America.

Committee on Public Information Printed 25 million copies of “How the War Came to America” 75 million pamphlets, booklets, and leaflets with the help of boy scouts. CPI was highly effective in gaining support for U.S. involvement in the war. Promoted patriotism Inflamed hatred and violations of civil liberties of ethnic groups and opponents of the war.

Attacks on Civil Liberties Immigrants from Germany and Austria-Hungary are the main targets of anti-immigrant hysteria. (391-392) Changed names because of German roots Stopped teaching German in schools The Espionage and Sedition Acts In violation of the first amendment people were arrested for any anti-war activities

Social Changes During the War The Great Migration The large-scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the north like Chicago, New York, & St. Louis African Americans happy to escape racism As soldiers left jobs for the war and the numbers of immigrants entering the country went down, southern blacks filled jobs in the North. Men: factory jobs Women: servant jobs Race riots erupted as a result of overcrowding and racial tension.

Social Changes During the War Women’s Roles: Filled jobs soldiers had left behind RR workers, cooks, dockworkers, bricklayers, coal mining, shipbuilding Did not get equal pay as men Women’s efforts during the war gained support for women suffrage and in 1920 women were granted the right to vote with the passage of the 19th amendment.

The Flu Epidemic About 500,000 Americans died from an international flu epidemic. Effected 25% of Americans (not all deaths) Severely effected the economy 30 million deaths worldwide

#40 Ch 11 S 3 Details: Read & Notes Ch 11 S 3 Margin ?s: B-G (6) Study Guide ?s 1-6 (6) 11.4.5: Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front. 11.10.5: Discuss the diffusion of the civil rights movement of African Americans from the churches of the rural South and the urban North 11.10.7: Analyze the women’s rights movement from the era of Elizabeth Stanton and Susan Anthony and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment