World History Studies Early Civilizations Unit 1 Test Review World History Studies Early Civilizations

Ancient China Developed along the Huang He (Yellow) River Isolated from other parts of world Because of the Mountains and deserts

Ancient China Dynastic Rule (Dynasty) Same family remained in power and was passed down generation to generation Ex. Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Mandate of Heaven Philosophy of Ancient Chinese government Heaven granted emperors the right to rule Must govern well and fair! Could overthrow and replace a corrupt ruler

Aristocrats in the Shang Dynasty Owned land Waged war Made of warlords and officials

Confucius say… More of a philosophy than a religion Restore social order through proper behavior Virtues of being a good person

Indus River Valley Civilization Developed along the Indus River and Ganges River (Pakistan-India) Rich soil as a result of the annual flooding Very organized government and city planning that supplied water, an advanced drainage system and garbage disposal (sewers) Harappans ruled with a belief in divine assistance Hinduism and Buddhism major religions that began in this area

EGYPT Developed along the Nile River (Northeast Africa) fed from the Mediterranean Sea Irrigation from the Nile provided farming in a desert region Were ruled by Pharaohs (God-Kings) and were thus considered a Theocracy Ex. Sun god Re

Mesopotamians Developed along the Tigris and Euphrates River (Middle East) that feed into the Persian Gulf Good water source for raising crops and developing agriculture Started developing buildings with mud bricks WRITING! Sumerians developed Cuneiform and wrote on wet clay tablets

Mesopotamians Hammurabi Law Codes First written law code in history Made laws more consistent and predictable

HISTORIANS Anthropology – study of human life and culture Archeologists - study the ancient and recent human past through material remains (remnants) Ex. Clay tablet, metal coin, fine china, metal spoon

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Early people nomadic Climate changes produced longer growing seasons As time passed, people became less nomadic and created settled communities Civilization – complex culture where a large number of humans share common elements Communities traded with each other which led to cultural diffusion Farming influenced the development of governments Needed to organize large community projects New methods of obtaining food