Benchmark Exam Review 1st Nine Weeks USII.4e-USII.6d

1. What are the negative effects of industrialization? Child labor Low wages, long hours Unsafe working conditions

2. Rise of Organized Labor *Formation of Labor Unions-the American Federation of Labor Supported/fought for higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. *Strikes- The Homestead Strike ended with non-union workers accepting lower wages.

3. What were the Progressive Movement workplace reforms? Improved safety conditions Reduced work hours Restrictions on child labor

4. What opportunities did women gain during women’s suffrage? Increased educational opportunities Attained voting rights

4. What amendment gave women these rights? The nineteenth amendment

Who worked for women’s suffrage? Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

5. The Temperance Movement Composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol Supported which amendment? The eighteenth amendment

5. What did the 18th amendment do? Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol.

6. What were the causes for the Spanish American War? Protection of American business interests in Cuba American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the USS Maine Exaggerated news reports called YELLOW JOURNALISM

7. What were the results of the Spanish American war? The USA emerged as a world power Cuba gained independence from Spain US gained possession of Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico

7a. Where did the Spanish American War take place? CUBA

8. Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs of Latin American countries.

9. Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policies and their impact on the United States included the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine which states: A. Asserted the United States right to interfere in economic matters of nations in the Americas. B. Claimed the United States’ rights to exercise international police power (use of military) C. Advocated the “Big Stick” Diplomacy (building of the Panama Canal)

10. Give the 4 reasons the USA got involved in WWI. Inability to remain neutral German submarine warfare—sinking of the Lusitania US economic and political ties to Great Britain Zimmerman Telegram

11. Who were the WWI Allies? British Empire (Great Britain) Serbia France Belgium Russia * USA

11. Who were the Central Powers during WWI? German Empire Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

11a. When the US joined WWI, which side did they join? The USA joined on the side of the Allies.

12. At the end of WWI, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan known as the 14 Points that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peacekeeping organization.

13. Which country did not join the League of Nations? The United States

14. Why didn’t the above country join the League of Nations? The United States Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles

15. List 4 results of improved transportation. Greater mobility Creation of jobs Movement to suburban areas Growth of transportation related industries (oil, steel, road construction)

16. Why are the Wright Brothers well known? Invention of the Airplane

17. Who was known for the use of the assembly line, automobile and rise of mechanization? Henry Ford

18. List 3 communication changes. Increased availability of telephones Development of movies Development of radio and the broadcast industry

19. List 4 ways electrification changed American life. Labor saving products (electric stove, water pump, washing machine) Electric lighting Entertainment (radio) Improved communication

20. What is prohibition? Prohibition made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages

21. What amendment did Prohibition uphold? The eighteenth amendment What amendment repealed it? The 21st Amendment

22. What are speakeasies? Places for people to drink illegal alcoholic beverages

23. What (Who) are bootleggers? People who smuggled illegal alcohol and promoted organized crime.

24. List 4 facts about the Great Migration. Jobs for African Americans in the South were scarce and low paying. African Americans faced discrimination and violence in the South.

24. List 4 facts about the Great Migration(continued). African Americans moved to northern cities for employment opportunities (jobs) African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the North.

25. Georgia O’Keeffe Art—artist known for urban and later southwest scenes

Literature—novelist who wrote about the 1920’s 25. F Scott Fitzgerald Literature—novelist who wrote about the 1920’s

Literature—novelist who wrote about migrant workers in the 1930’s 25. John Steinbeck Literature—novelist who wrote about migrant workers in the 1930’s

Music: Uniquely American Music 25. Aaron Copland Music: Uniquely American Music

Music: Uniquely American Music 25. George Gershwin Music: Uniquely American Music

25. Jacob Lawrence Art: painter who chronicled the Great Migration

25. Langston Hughes Literature: poet who combined African and American cultural roots

25. Duke Ellington Music: Jazz composer

25. Louis Armstrong Music: Jazz composer

25. Bessie Smith Music: Blues singer

26. List the causes of the Great Depression. People overspeculated on stocks using borrowed money they couldn’t repay when stock prices crashed The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system High tariffs strangled international trade

27. List 4 ways the Great Depression impacted Americans A large number of banks and businesses failed ¼ or 25% of workers were without jobs Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless Farmers’ incomes fell to low levels

28. List 5 major features of the New Deal. Social Security Federal Work Programs Environmental Improvement Plans Farms Assistance Programs Increased Rights for Labor

First Quarter Benchmark SOL’s on the First Nine Weeks Test USII.3b, 4c-USII.4d

1. Reconstruction Policies and Problems included: A. Southern military leaders could not old office B. African Americans could hold public office C. African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also authorized the use of Federal troops for its enforcement

Reconstruction Policies and Problems Cont: D. Northern soldiers supervised the South E. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South F. Southerners resented Northern “carpetbaggers”, who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction G. Southern states adopted Black Codes to limit the economic and physical freedoms of former slaves.

2. The End of Reconstruction A. Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. B. Federal troops were removed from the South. C. Rights that African Americans had gained were lost through “Jim Crow” laws.

3. Discrimination against African American continued after: Reconstruction or The Civil War

4. What is racial segregation? *Based upon race *Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups were also kept segregated.

5. “Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans. Although these laws were legal in many communities and states, they were enforced primarily in the South/Southeast region.

6. “Jim Crow” laws were characterized by unequal treatment in what 4 areas? Housing Work Education Government

7. African American responses included: *Booker T. Washington Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social separation.

7. *W.E.B. Dubois Believed in full political, civil, social rights for African Americans

8. Between the Civil War and WWI, the US was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

9.. List 4 reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business. National markets created by transportation advances. Captains of Industry John D. Rockefeller—oil Andrew Carnegie—steel Henry Ford--automobile

9. List 4 reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business (con’t) Advertising Lower-cost production

10. . List 4 factors resulting in the growth of industry. Access to raw materials and energy Availability of workforce Inventions Financial resources provided by the Captains of Industry.

11. Examples of Big Business: *railroads *oil *steel

12. Industrialization and the rise of big business influenced life on American farms by: Mechanization (the reaper)—reduced farm labor needs and increased production Industrial development in cities increased labor needs. Industrialization provided access to consumer goods such as mail order.

USII.2c Regions Review 14. Meatpacking- Midwest 15. New York City- Northeast 16. Automobile industry- Midwest 17. Jim Crow Laws- Southeast 18. San Francisco- Pacific 19. Textile industry- Northeast 20. Denver- Western/Rocky Mountains

Regions Review 21. Harlem Renaissance- Northeast 22. Atlanta- Southeast 23. Great Plains- Midwest 24. Ellis Island (NY)- Northeast 25. Hull House (Chicago)- Midwest 26. Steel industry- Northeast 27. Homestead Strike (PA)- Northeast 28. New Orleans- Southeast 29. Juneau- Non-contiguous 30. New England- Northeast

Regions Review 31. Boston- Northeast 32. Pittsburgh- Northeast 33. Detroit- Midwest 34. Santa Fe- Southwest 35. Salt Lake City- Western/Rocky Mountains 36. Los Angeles- Pacific 37. Honolulu- Non-contiguous 38. Philadelphia- Northeast 39. Angel Island, CA- Pacific 40. Washington D.C.- Southeast

Regions Review 41. St. Louis- Midwest 42. San Antonio- Southwest 43. Seattle- Pacific 44. Chicago- Midwest 45. Nebraska- Midwest 46. Ohio- Midwest 47. Maine- Northeast 48. Florida- Southeast 49. North Dakota- Midwest 50. Oklahoma- Southwest

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