Energy Balance and Circulation Systems

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Balance and Circulation Systems

Ocean circulation Source: NOAA

Source: Wikipedia

Atmospheric Circulations Source: Wikipedia

The Energy to Drive the Atmosphere Unequal distribution in incoming solar radiation (red) and outgoing Earth’s radiation (blue) Weather patterns and ocean currents redistribute energy from latitudes with a surplus into latitudes with a deficit. Source: Ahrens, C. D., 2008: Essentials of Meteorology, An Invitation to the Atmosphere (5th Edition)

Energy received at the surface depends on: 1) Sun angle with respect to surface. 2) Path of solar radiation through the atmosphere. Source: Wikipedia

Solar Radiation Entering the Atmosphere Absorbed by gases and clouds – goes to heating (19%) Scattered and Reflected by Gas Molecules, Clouds, Aerosols, and the Earth’s surface (30%) About 51% Source: Ahrens, C. D., 2008: Essentials of Meteorology, An Invitation to the Atmosphere (5th Edition)

Earth’s Energy Balance Earth’s overall average equilibrium temperature changes only slightly from year to year. A balance exists between incoming solar energy (shortwave radiation) and outgoing energy from Earth to space (longwave radiation). Source: Ahrens, C. D., 2008: Essentials of Meteorology, An Invitation to the Atmosphere (5th Edition)

Without greenhouse gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be –18° C No greenhouse gases (only permanent gases) The current atmosphere (with greenhouse gases) Source: Ahrens, C. D., 2008: Essentials of Meteorology, An Invitation to the Atmosphere (5th Edition) 33° C difference