Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure.

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Basic Pulmonary Mechanics during Mechanical Ventilation

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BASICS OF WAVEFORM INTERPRETATION Michael Haines, MPH, RRT-NPS, AE-C

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Example ventilator screen during nasal neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in a premature neonate (23 weeks gestational age, 560 g) with respiratory distress.

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Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Note.

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A) Breath-holding end-expiration: pleural (Ppl) and transpulmonary (Ptp) pressures in normal subject at the end of expiration. a) Breath-holding end-expiration:

Several potential sources of error in esophageal manometry are illustrated in this transverse section of the thorax. Several potential sources of error.

Even though this patient is undergoing positive-pressure mechanical ventilation, the first 4 breaths have a relatively negative pressure (ie, pressure.

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An example of delayed cycling during pressure-support ventilation of a patient with COPD, on a Puritan Bennett 7200 ventilator, which has a flow-termination.

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Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous mandatory ventilation. Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous.

Characteristics of a pressure-supported breath.

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During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays that the patient rate is 16 breaths/min. During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays.

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Pressure, flow, volume, and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) waveforms from a patient on pressure support ventilation, and the presumed pressure.

Pressure, flow, volume, and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) waveforms from a patient on pressure support ventilation, and the presumed pressure.

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Graphic representation of a dynamic airway pressure scalar during volume control ventilation with a constant inspiratory flow. Graphic representation of.

Work rate as a function of pressurization rate and cycling-off threshold, during pressure-support ventilation of (A) patients with acute lung injury (ALI),

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Effect of respiratory mechanics on cycling of pressure support from inhalation to exhalation. Effect of respiratory mechanics on cycling of pressure support.

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Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance,

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Control circuit for an adaptive pressure targeting scheme (eg, Pressure Regulated Volume Control). Control circuit for an adaptive pressure targeting scheme.

Blom speech cannula. Blom speech cannula. Inspiratory pressure opens the flap valve and closes (expands) the bubble valve, sealing the fenestration so.

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Control circuit for set-point or dual targeting schemes.

Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist Ventilation). Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist.

Graphical representation of the locations where spontaneous breaths may occur during the airway pressure (Paw) release ventilation ventilatory cycle. Graphical.

Flow, airway pressure, and transversus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) waveforms from a mechanically ventilated patient with COPD receiving pressure-support.

Plots of alveolar PO2, hemoglobin saturation, and alveolar PCO2 as a function of alveolar ventilation in a normal subject at sea level (inspired oxygen.

Components of a patient-triggered mechanical breath.

FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure.

Determinants of patient-ventilator interaction.

Physical variables affecting FIO2 of nasal cannula with increasing breathing frequency (f), at flows from 1–5 L/min. Physical variables affecting FIO2.

Relationship of mouth pressure (Pmo) and box pressure (Pbox) by body plethysmography under closed–loop panting conditions (left) and open-loop panting.

Airway pressure and flow graphics illustrate delayed cycling.

Ventilation protocol. Ventilation protocol. The PEEP group raised peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) through 5-cm H2O PEEP increments every 2 min while keeping.

Depiction of an expiratory flow curve.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Representative tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) patterns of subjects with COPD and normal subjects during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Experimental setup. Experimental setup. Each tested ventilator was connected to the TTL test lung via a ventilator circuit. An oxygen analyzer, a pressure.

Difference between mid-frequency ventilation (MFV), volume control continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV), and pressure control CMV (PC-CMV) when frequency.

Minute-by-minute means of breathing variables during the spontaneous breathing trial for the groups of subjects with trial success (n = 32) and failure.

Presentation transcript:

Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. With a period of no flow, the pressure equilibrates to the plateau pressure (Pplat). Pplat represents the peak alveolar pressure. The difference between Pz and Pplat is due to time constant inhomogeneity within the lungs. The difference between the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and Pplat is determined by resistance and flow. The difference between Pplat and PEEP is determined by tidal volume and respiratory system compliance. Pz = pressure at zero flow. Dean R Hess Respir Care 2014;59:1773-1794 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.