The Periodic Table Physical Science

A. Metallic Character Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

B. Table Sections Representative Elements Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals

Overall Configuration B. Table Sections Overall Configuration Lanthanides - part of period 6 Actinides - part of period 7

C. Columns & Rows Group (Family) Period

Purpose Allows us to have an organized way of viewing the elements Knowing the trends of the periodic table gives us insight to elements properties and characteristics

Who? Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist Created the periodic table where elements were arranged by increasing atomic MASS Predicted elements that were not discovered

Henry G.J. Moseley, English scientist Fixed problems with the old periodic table when he arranged elements increasing atomic NUMBER Periodic law states when elements are arranged in this way, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern

Columns & Rows To learn more about the elements we can learn about the groups and periods GROUP – a vertical column on the periodic table PERIOD – a horizontal row on the periodic table

Groups Vertical columns are called groups Each group contains elements that have similar characteristics As well as have the same number of valance electrons

Periods Horizontal rows are called periods Each period contains elements which have the same number of energy levels containing electrons

Krypton Atom Iron Atom Both have electrons in the fourth energy level AND are in period four

Organization Regions on the periodic table Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Metals There are 88 metals on the periodic table The are the most abundant type of element on the periodic table Blue area

Metals Are usually solid with the exception of Hg, Mercury Are shiny and good conductors of heat Metals are broken into 5 categories Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition elements Lanthanides Actinides

Alkali metals Are in Group 1 Very reactive Only have one valance electron Occur as compounds in nature

Alkaline earth metals In Group 2 Somewhat reactive Have 2 valance electrons Occur as compounds in nature

Transition elements In Groups 3-12 Occur as elements in nature (Uncombined) Most can be stretched and shaped into flat sheets or wires (ductile) Most are good conductors of electricity & heat Examples – wires

Actinides In Period 7, consisting of elements 90-103 Are radioactive and unstable Most are man-made (synthetic) Produced to help scientists, even diagnose cancer

Nonmetals Are on the right side of the periodic table Exception: Hydrogen Are NOT shiny and not good conductors of heat Solid, liquid and gas forms exist within the nonmetals Noble gases & halogens Yellow area

Noble Gases Group 18 Very stable, thus not reactive Has 8 valance electrons Gases at room temperature Will not bond with other elements

Halogens Group 17 Fairly reactive Have 7 valance electrons Most are toxic

Semiconductors (metalloids) The metals that border the line between metals and nonmetals Only 6-boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium They are able to conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions Silicon is most familiar semiconductor-makes up 28% of the earth’s crust; component of LEDs

Increases to the LEFT and DOWN. Periodic Trends Atomic Radius Increases to the LEFT and DOWN.

Be or Ba Ca or Br Ba Ca B. Periodic Trends Which atom has the larger radius? Be or Ba Ca or Br Ba Ca

B. Periodic Trends Group # = # of valence e- (except He) Families have similar reactivity. Period # = # of energy levels 8A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A