1. The Periodic Table You need to memorize the following!!!!

2. The Father of the Periodic Table— Dimitri Mendeleev Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice the relationship between the elements Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice the relationship between the elements Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass Said properties of unknown elements could be predicted by the properties of elements around the missing element Said properties of unknown elements could be predicted by the properties of elements around the missing element Moseley later discovered that the periodic nature of the elements was associated with atomic number, not atomic mass Moseley later discovered that the periodic nature of the elements was associated with atomic number, not atomic mass

3. The Periodic Table Column = Group or Family 18 columns on the Periodic Table Row = Period 7 rows on the Periodic Table

4. What does the information in the box tell me? 1H1.008 Atomic Number = # of protons Atomic Mass = # of protons plus neutrons Atomic Symbol

5. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalliods Metals are to the left of the stair- step Only nonmetal on the metal side Nonmetals are on the right of the stair-step Semi-metals, “metalloids,” touch the stair-step

6. The Groups of the Periodic Table Group 1: The Alkali Metals Group 1: The Alkali Metals Most reactive metals on the PT Most reactive metals on the PT Rarely found free in nature Rarely found free in nature Charge of 1—1 valence electron Charge of 1—1 valence electron Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals Still quite reactive Still quite reactive Charge of 2—2 valence electrons Charge of 2—2 valence electrons

7. T he Groups of the Periodic Table Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Found freely and in compounds in nature Found freely and in compounds in nature Charge is usually 2 but can vary—usually 2 valence electrons Charge is usually 2 but can vary—usually 2 valence electrons Group 13: Boron Family Group 13: Boron Family Charge is 3—3 valence electrons Charge is 3—3 valence electrons

8. The Groups of the Periodic Table Group 14: The Carbon Family Group 14: The Carbon Family Contains elements that can form unusual bonds (carbon and silicon) Contains elements that can form unusual bonds (carbon and silicon) Charge is +4 or -4—contains 4 valence electrons Charge is +4 or -4—contains 4 valence electrons Group 15: The Nitrogen Family Group 15: The Nitrogen Family Charge is -3—contains 5 valence electrons Charge is -3—contains 5 valence electrons

9. The Groups of the Periodic Table Group 16: The Oxygen Family Group 16: The Oxygen Family Also known as the chalcogens Also known as the chalcogens Charge is -2—6 valence electrons Charge is -2—6 valence electrons Group 17: The Halogens Group 17: The Halogens Most reactive nonmetals Most reactive nonmetals charge is -1—7 valence electrons charge is -1—7 valence electrons Group 18: The Noble Gases (The Inert Gases) Group 18: The Noble Gases (The Inert Gases) Nonreactive Nonreactive Charge is 0—2 or 8 valence electrons Charge is 0—2 or 8 valence electrons

10. Special Rows on the PT Lanthanides Actinides

11. How Are Elements Classified? The elements are classified into three groups. Most elements are metals, elements that are shiny and conduct heat and electricity well. Nonmetals, all except hydrogen of which are found on the right side of the periodic table, may be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature. Between these groupings are semiconductors, elements that can conduct electricity under certain conditions.

12. How Are Elements Classified? The periodic table below shows the distribution of metal, nonmetals, and semiconductors in the periodic table. Chapter 4

13. Metals The alkali metals, found in Group 1 of the periodic table, are very reactive. Chapter 4 The alkaline-earth metals, which include calcium, are found in Group 2 of the periodic table, and are somewhat less reactive than the alkali metals. The transition metals, such as gold, iron, and mercury, occupy Groups 3–12 of the periodic table.

14. Carbon is found in three different forms and can form many compounds. Nonmetals and their compounds are plentiful on Earth. Nonmetals Halogens, such as chlorine, are located in Group 17 of the periodic table. Noble gases, such as neon, make up Group 18 of the periodic table. They are unreactive.

15. Semiconductors are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals Chapter 4 Silicon is the most familiar semiconductor. Silicon is an important part of computer chips, as well as other semiconductor devices such as transistors, LED display screens, and solar cells.