Describe the political system of the United States based on the Constitution of the United States. COS Standard 4

Chapter 6 Section 1 and 2 Identifying factors leading to the development and establishment of political parties, including Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies, conflicting views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, George Washington’s Farewell Address, and the election of 1800

Rise of Political Parties Government needs more money to operate. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton come up with plans to help the government. Madison wants to tax imports (Tariff of 1789). Hamilton wanted to assume the debts that the states had amassed. (Create national debt)

Rise of Political Parties continued The plans create controversy. During American Revolution, the government sold bonds to help pay for the war. After the war, Hamilton wanted to accept the bonds at full value hoping that people would have faith in the government in the future. Northerners owned the bonds; South is mad because most of money used to pay off debt would come from South. Several southern states had already paid their debt off Compromise: capitol of US is Washington D. C.

Rise of Political Parties continued Hamilton asked Congress to create a National Bank. Madison says no to the bank because it is not within the federal governments enumerated powers (powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution). Hamilton argues that even though a bank is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, there is a clause within the Constitution that allows for a bank. Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) Implied Powers Split in Congress forms political parties.

Necessary and Proper Clause The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Rise of Political Parties continued Federalists: Hamilton, strong national government, in hands of wealthy, manufacturing and trade are the basis of wealth and power Democratic-Republicans: republicans—Madison and Jefferson, states rights, educated public, wants agrarianism, supports agriculture

Foreign Affairs Hamilton and the Federalist- Great Britain Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans- France

Washington’s Farewell Address Warns against… Sectionalism Political parties Being too attached to one foreign nation

Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson defeats John Adams by 8 electoral votes However, Jefferson’s running mate Aaron Burr received the same amount of electoral votes as Jefferson The House of Representatives debated 6 long days to break the tie Alexander Hamilton convinces enough Federalist to cast blank ballots to help Jefferson

1800 Election Results Thomas Jefferson wins Although Hamilton opposed Jefferson’s philosophy of governments, he saw Jefferson better fit for the job Revealed flaw in the electoral process under the constitution Congress passes 20th Amendment Electors have to cast separate ballots for president and vice president