1. First Political Parties
Chapter 8, Section 3

2. We will learn…
How political parties got started and what positions they supported
How John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became candidates of opposing parties in the election of 1796

3. Washington's Farewell
Washington warned against permanent alliances with foreign nations
This will be U.S. policy until almost 1900
He also described the “evils” of political parties and warned that they would divide the nation

4. Political Parties
Modern Political Parties Today’s Democratic Party traces its roots to Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans. The modern Republican Party, however, was not founded until 1854.

5. Study Guide recap: Precedents – examples or traditions to be followed
Neutrality – not choosing sides
Impressment – British practice of kidnapping American sailors
National debt – amount a nation’s government owes

6. Study Guide recap:
Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments added to the Constitution
Anthony Wayne – General that defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
John Adams – first vice president
Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in 1796
Little Turtle – chief of the Miami people

7. Study Guide recap:
Judiciary Act of 1789 – allowed Congress to establish a federal court system
Edmond Randolph – first attorney general
Alexander Hamilton – first Secretary of the Treasury (responsible for the finances)
Edmond Genet – French diplomat who tried to recruit Americans to fight against the British

8. Study Guide recap: Question #2
Federalist – Alexander Hamilton - rule by the wealthy class, strong federal government, British alliance, national bank, loose interpretation of the Constitution
Democratic-Republicans – Thomas Jefferson - rule by the people, stronger state governments, French alliance, state banks (no national bank), strict interpretation of the Constitution

9. Origins of Party Federalists
Originally described someone who supported the constitution
Applied to people who supported the policies of Washington’s administration

10. Origins of Party Democratic-Republicans
Newspaper National Gazette started by Philip Freneau helped turn public opinion against Federalists
Help from Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson and Madison organized people who disagreed with Hamilton

11. Basic Differences Federalists Stood for strong central government
Supported Britain
Favored shipping (exporting) interests
Favored a National Bank
Favored protective tariffs
More support in the north

12. Basic Differences Democratic-Republicans
Wanted to limit government power
Emphasis on agriculture
Wanted to ally with France
Favored state banks
Favored free trade
Favored strong state governments
More support in the south

13. Leaders Federalists Alexander Hamilton George Washington John Adams
Democratic-Republicans
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison

14. View of the Constitution
Federalists
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Thought the government had “implied” powers

15. View of the Constitution
Democratic-Republicans
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Also thought government had “implied” powers but only to be used when absolutely necessary

16. People’s Role Federalists
Supported representative government – elected officials ruled for the people
Didn’t want public to be involved in politics
Public office should only be held by educated, honest men who could protect people’s rights

17. People’s Role Democratic Republicans
Feared strong central government controlled by a few
Thought liberty was safe only when ordinary people participated in government

18. Political Parties Emerge
DO NOW:
Political Parties Emerge
(use pages 267 – 269 to help you)
3 reasons why two distinct political parties were created
2 opposing view points on each side
1 leader for each side

19. Election of 1796 Federalists
Nominated vice-president John Adams for president and Charles Pickney for vice-president
Expected to carry New England
Adams won the presidency

20. Country now had a Federalist president and Republican vice-president
Election of 1796
Democratic-Republicans
Nominated Thomas Jefferson for president
Strength was in the south
Won vice-president (electoral college elected president and vice-president separately)
Country now had a Federalist president and Republican vice-president

21. DO NOW: Use the map to answer the questions
Who are the candidates in the election?
Which states split their electoral vote?
What are the three new states that were not part of the first election?
Why would the coastal areas of MD, VA, and NC support the Federalists?