Ethnic minorities (black) Victims of Crime L.O. To analyse the government’s attempts to tackle racially motivated crime Commit crime Victims of crime Class? Gender? Age? Ethnicity? Working class Working class Male Male Youths Youths Ethnic minorities (black) Ethnic minorities

Is this figure high or low? Phillips and Bowling (2007) indicate that there have been more than 150 racist murders over the last 35 years in Britain. Are crimes against ethnic minorities always/usually racially motivated? Phillips and Bowling (2007) argue that most crime (85%) committed against ethnic communities is not racially motivated

If you were the government, how would you tackle the problem of racially motivated crime?

Legislation = Laws Crime and Disorder Act 1998 Created new offences for Racially aggravated assault Racially aggravated criminal damage Racially aggravated harassment How do we know if something is racially motivated? Can we get inside someone’s head?

Evidence – What percentage of crime is racially aggravated? 2002/03 British Crime Survey 4% mixed race 3% Asian 2% black 2% Chinese/other origin Less than 1% white Jannson (2006) 20% of black vandalism victims thought the crime was racially motivated Less than 1% of white vandalism victims though the crime was racially motivated 11% of police reported harassment was racially or religious motivated in 2007/08 Walklate (2007) argues that statistics are likely to underestimate the extent to which routine harassment is part of the everyday lives of people from minority ethnic groups. British Crime Survey 1999/2000 – 10,758 racially or religiously aggravated harassment 2006/07 – 28,485 2007/08 – 26,495

The extent of crime L.O. Consider the impact of crime on people and society Analyse the government’s attempts to tackle racially aggravated offences Evaluate the reliability of statistical data

Citizenship compulsory in England since 2002 How far would Sociologists agree that the government is doing enough to tackle racially motivated offences? Crime and Disorder Act 1998 Created new offences for Racially aggravated assault Racially aggravated criminal damage Racially aggravated harassment If racially motivated offence = harsher sentence Jannson (2006) 20% of black vandalism victims thought the crime was racially motivated Less than 1% of white vandalism victims though the crime was racially motivated Citizenship compulsory in England since 2002 Walklate (2007) argues that statistics are likely to underestimate the extent to which routine harassment is part of the everyday lives of people from minority ethnic groups. British Crime Survey 1999/2000 – 10,758 racially or religiously aggravated harassment 2006/07 – 28,485 2007/08 – 26,495 11% of police reported harassment was racially or religious motivated in 2007/08

What is the difference between Measurement research, studies of the impact of crime and studies of the role of victims? How does white collar crime impact victims and society? Why does youth crime generate debate? What has the government done to try to tackle youth crime? What are the main official sources of crime statistics? Why might victim surveys not be a reliable source? Why might self report studies not be a reliable source? Why might official crime statistics from the Home Office not be a reliable source?