THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: Social and Political Change Cause and Effect

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.3.8 Examine the importance of social change and reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor). SS.912.A.3.10 Review different economic and philosophic ideologies. SS.912.A.3.11 Analyze the impact of political machines in United States cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. SS.912.A.3.12 Compare how different nongovernmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

The Progressive Era Source http://diazsocialstudies.org/ahistory_units_1.htm#REFORMING1

What was the Progressive Era ? It happened between 1890’s and 1920’s This was a time where people wanted social and political reform People were concerned with corruption, social welfare, and moral improvement Called for the regulation of the big businesses

Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

The Presidents and Changes in Policies Roosevelt Square Deal and Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” Square Deal-treat all equally, no one favored He was a “Trust Buster”. The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 allowed to use force to protect economic interest He wanted to protect consumers and the environment

The Presidents and Changes in Policies Taft and Dollar Diplomacy Continued with trust busting Was more conservative than Roosevelt Used loans to foreign countries to get them to do what the United States wanted After his presidency he was appointed to the supreme court

The Presidents and Changes in Policies Wilson New Freedom and Moral Diplomacy The United States has a moral responsibility to protect the world Human rights In business the government should create a level playing field Anti-trust policies

Political Parties and Their Platforms The “People’s Party” Was a short lived party who were the voice for the farmers against banks and railroads Populist Party Wanted more government control over business Worked with the unions and to end capitalism Socialist Party Bull Moose Party Roosevelt formed this party when he broke from the Republican party They fought for reforms in politics and social issues.

Political Machines A group who controlled the political activities in the city and gained control of city governments. The political machine would offer services to voters and businesses in exchange for their votes and financial support. They worked to make sure their candidates would get elected. In exchange, they passed whatever policies or special favors the "boss" needed.

Social Gospel Movement Churches, as part of their faith, preached that Christians should help the poor through service Source http://diazsocialstudies.org/ahistory_units_1.htm#REFORMING1

Political Reforms The Reformers wanted to change how things were going They questioned social and economic policies and standards Reformers wanted to create better living conditions, better working conditions Their efforts helped to create laws about child labor, housing and working conditions.

Political Reforms Muckrakers These were reformers who were journalist They wrote stories to expose issues in communities, businesses and government They raised awareness of corruption, poverty, unsafe working conditions, child labor and lack of standards in industry This was the start of investigative journalism This led to issues being reformed with new laws and legislation

The Jungle In 1906 Upton Sinclair published The Jungle This is a novel recounting the harsh and unsanitary working conditions in the meat packing industry This led to the Meat Inspection Act and set new safety standards

Child Labor Children often worked 70 hour work weeks in factories to help support their families Lewis W. Hine, documented working conditions of children through his photos and helped reform conditions

Political Reforms NAACP is an organization who fought for civil rights for African Americans It was as co-founded by W.E.B. DuBois an African American activist Mary Church Terrell was another activist and charter member of the NAACP and an advocate for civil rights and the suffrage movement

Political Reforms Women’s Rights Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were social reformers for women’s rights They founded several organizations to fight for women’s rights

The Progressive Era Created Amendments The 16th Amendment (1913) allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states The 17th Amendment (1913) established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. The 18th Amendment (1920) established the prohibition of alcohol. The 19th Amendment (1920) Women's Right to Vote

Additional Resources http://www.american-historama.org/1881-1913-maturation-era/muckrakers.htm article on muckrakers   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0bwcppAGFc The Gilded Age and Progressive Reform 10 minute video that shows pictures with the downside of the era http://www.lancaster.k12.oh.us/userfiles/353/Classes/617/Roosevelt,%20Taft,&%20Wilson.pdf this is a power point comparing the Progressive Presidents and their main policies/programs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8VE9aObwfU Progressive Era Presidents, 43 minute video from history channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwV2lWOgX1M Progressive Era; The Muckrakers, video, slide show on what a muckraker is, 4 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v19vI6jK2eU American Labor-A Journey of Struggle 5 minute video that combines modern and old describing the rise of unions. http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/william-howard-taft information text on Taft’s accomplishments