US Mobilizes for Defense

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Presentation transcript:

US Mobilizes for Defense How do all Americans help with the war effort?

US Needs More Manpower for War After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteer for the military Selective Service System drafts 10 mill. (need to fight two wars) Women in the War Effort 1942: Gen. George Marshall forms the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), women can volunteer for non-combat positions Jobs include clerical, drivers, pilots and nurse corps 1943: WAC & WAVES will get full army/navy benefits

New Factory Workers Factories cease normal production & begin producing war-related products: planes, tanks, ships, jeeps, munitions & uniforms 18 million new workers in war industries, incl. 6 mill women

Economic Controls 1) Office of Price Administration: fought inflation by freezing wages, prices and rents, rationed food 2) War Production Board: rationed fuel, rubber, metal and plastic 3) Revenue Act: raised taxes on wealthy to 88%, middle/lower incomes now pay income tax. Treasury Dept issued war bonds 4) Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act: limited rights of unions to strike, allowed President to takeover striking plants

Taking on Discrimination 2 million Af-Am workers take war jobs but most are “menial” jobs Since many minority workers face discrimination, A. Phillip Randolph organizes a march on Washington, D.C. Randolph agrees to cancel the march if FDR issues an executive order outlawing discrimination in gov jobs & contracts

African Americans Help in War US Army Air Corps enlists African American pilots for the 1st time, but units are segregated Af-Ams pilots were trained at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama and commonly known as the Tuskegee Airmen Faced discrimination from commanders and members of Congress but had numerous victories & awarded decorations 332nd Squad, 99th Pursuit Group

Japanese-Americans Serve Their Nation Despite discrimination & internment, 14K Japanese-Americans served in Italy and N. Africa but not in the Pacific 442nd Regimental Combat Team (Purple Heart Battalion) earned more than 18K individual decorations (most in WWII) “Go for broke”

Mexican-Americans in WWII Mexican-Americans not officially segregated but often were 141st Regiment in Europe & 153rd in Pacific were highly decorated Navajo Code Talkers Navajo Indians were in every Marine assault unit in the Pacific War (1942-45) Based on their language, they developed secret code that was transmitted to combat units

1940s “War” Pop Culture Hollywood studios begin to help war effort http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8p_SABG3SPk&safe=active https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzH1iaKVsBM Hollywood studios begin to help war effort Hollywood makes propaganda films & enlists celebrities to promote the war effort or entertain the troops Discuss: Portrayal of enemies in films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8of3uhG1tCI Most films glorified US & its allies war effort