Kingdom Notes

Kingdom Archaebacteria #1 Unicellular, prokaryotes (no nucleus), can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and move with flagella Cell wall (made with protein) to prevent cell from bursting in hypotonic solution Very rare and descended from 1st bacteria, since they live in extreme habitats with no oxygen such as bottom of swamps and cow intestines (Methanogens), volcano vents at the bottom of the ocean (Thermoacidophiles), salt lakes(Halophiles).

Kingdom Eubacteria #2 Unicellular, prokaryotes (no nucleus), can move with flagella,Cell wall (made with amino acids and sugars) to prevent cell from bursting in hypotonic solution Much more common and found in more hospitable environments than Archaebacteria Types—Heterotrophic can be parasites or decomposers; Autotrophic can be photosynthetic (Anabena found in ponds) or chemosynthetic (part of nitrogen cycle, found in soil)

Kingdom Protista #3 Most diverse kingdom; made-up of those eukaryotes (has nucleus) that lack tissues and therefore cannot be part of Animal, Plant or Fungi Kingdom. Animal-like: heterotrophic, unicellular, can move, no cell wall (ex.Amoeba, Paramecium) Plantlike: autotrophic, uni or multicellular, cell wall (made of cellulose), cannot move (ex. algae) Funguslike: heterotrophic decomposers, uni or multicellular, can move, cell wall (not made of chitin), example is slime mold

Kingdom Fungi #4 Eukaryotic (has nucleus), heterotrophic, decomposers (break down food then absorb it) They have no locomotion. Can be unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (ringworm, mushrooms, mold) Have cell walls made out of protein called chitin Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually

Kingdom Plantae #5 Multicellular, autotrophic, photosynthetic eukaryotes (have nucleus) that do not move Cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and cell walls made of cellulose for support against gravity. Organized into several groups including mosses (need to live in or near water), gymnosperms (cone-bearing such as pine trees), and angiosperms (flowering and fruit bearing plants) All have sexual and asexual reproductive stages

Kingdom Animalia #6 Heterotrophic, sexual eukaryotes (nucleus that ingest their food They do not have cell walls, and most use a combination of muscles and nervous tissue for movement. Most have no skeletal systems (earthworms), but insects have exoskeleton, and vertebrates have an endoskeleton

Animalia: 600 million years ago Bacteria: 3.4 billion years ago Evolution of Kingdoms--In the correct section of your paper list the order the kingdoms appeared from oldest to most recent based upon the dates below. Can you draw a simple phylogenetic tree to show this evolution? Animalia: 600 million years ago Bacteria: 3.4 billion years ago Fungi: 400 million years ago Plantae: 400 million years ago Protista (1st eukaryotes): 2.1 billion years ago