Chapter 13 – Lessons 4 & 5 Lesson 4 – Reconstruction (rebuilding the country after the Civil War) Lesson 5 – The Challenge of Freedom (accepting African Americans as free people with the same rights as everyone)

Assassination – is the murder of an important leader Assassination – is the murder of an important leader. President Lincoln was assassinated.

John Wilkes Booth was the man who assassinated President Lincoln.

After President Lincoln was killed, the Vice President, Andrew Johnson, became the new President.

To impeach means to change a government official with a crime To impeach means to change a government official with a crime. If a president is impeached, he loses his job. We shouldn’t impeach Johnson now – Our country is too fragile this soon after the Civil War.

The Freedmen’s Bureau – was created by congress to provide food, clothing, medical care, and legal advice to poor black and white people.

Hiram Revels was one of the first African Americans to be elected to the U.S. Senate.

The 13th Amendment finally ended slavery in the United States.

Even though the war was over, most southern states passed laws called Black Codes. The Black Codes limited the rights of former slaves to travel, vote, and work certain jobs. Congress wrote the Thirteenth Amendment to get rid of the unfair Black Codes.

The 14th Amendment says that all people get a fair trial if they are accused of a crime. It is known as the ‘due process of law’.

The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. Women still could not vote at this time.

A scalawag was a name for a southerner who helped the Republican government during the Reconstruction. A carpet bagger was a name given to Northerners who moved to the South after the war. Some went to help rebuild and some went to make money. The people who came from the North often had suitcases made out of carpet – so that is how they got that name.

Sharecropping was a system that let poor whites and former slaves become farmers.

The Ku Klux Klan is a group started by Southerners who wanted to stop African Americans from taking part in the government. They are a ‘hate group’ that threatened, beat, and even killed African Americans. They wore white robes and said they were the ghosts of the Civil War.

Jim Crow was a nickname for laws that kept African Americans separate from other Americans.

Segregation is the forced separation of races Segregation is the forced separation of races. Jim Crow laws made segregation legal.

A former slave named, Booker T A former slave named, Booker T. Washington opened an institute / school for African Americans in 1881. (The Tuskegee Institute)

The Tuskegee Institute in Alabama was a school where all of the students and teachers were African American.

George Washington Carver was the most famous teacher at the Tuskegee Institute and developed 300 products made from peanuts. Carver studied how to improve the lives of poor Southern farmers.