Influences and Foundations of American Democracy

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Presentation transcript:

Influences and Foundations of American Democracy

Recap: Government! Levels of government? Types of government? Need for government? (What does government do?) Branches of Government?

Branches of Government Legislative: Makes laws -Ex: US Congress, NC General Assembly Executive: Enforces laws - President Donald Trump, Governor Roy Cooper Judicial: Interprets laws - Courts

English Political Traditions What aspects of the English government do we use in the US today?

The Enlightenment Cultural & intellectual movement of the 1600-1700s Developed in Germany, France, Britain & spread throughout much of Europe Spread the idea that reason and science could improve society Our founders were products of Enlightenment and believed in Enlightenment ideals

Parliament Main Ideas Influence on US Gov’t Lawmaking body Stronger than king House of Lords & House of Commons Powerful legislature Bicameral legislature

Magna Carta “Great Charter” (1215) Main Ideas Influence on US Gov’t King’s power limited Rule of law Rights of accused No taxation without representation

English Bill of Rights (1689) Main Ideas Influence on US Gov’t Statement of rights citizens should have Ended divine right Fair trial No cruel/unusual punishment Free elections

Common Law Main Ideas Influence on US Gov’t Rests on court decisions (precedent) Still have today! Means not all “laws” that we follow come out of Congress or other law-making bodies.

Colonial Traditions Mayflower Compact: Pilgrims agreed to obey gov’t authority  self-rule, democracy, social contract (1620) Virginia House of Burgesses: est. by VA colony as first representative assembly in English colonies  beginning of self- government (1621) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: Pilgrims left MA for CT, wrote Orders for new gov’t  first written constitution in US (1639)

Enlightenment Philosophy Several important writers of 1700s helped pave the way for the American Revolution…..

JOHN LOCKE: natural rights – life, liberty & property BARON DE MONTESQUIEU: separation of powers – “tripartite system” of government THOMAS HOBBES: social contract