DO NOW List 3 types of rocks How are igneous rock formed? What does the word “metamorphosis” mean? What are sedimentary rocks?

The Rock Cycle

Major Rock Groups Formed from a melt (molten rock) Igneous Formed from a melt (molten rock) Intrusive: slow cooling and crystallization Extrusive: quick cooling at the surface Sedimentary Formed at the Earth’s surface All types of rock are continuously being broken down into small fragments called sediment. This sediment can be compressed or cemented Metamorphic Changed by pressure and high heat

Three types of Rocks What are the three types of rocks? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous Rock Textures Composition – types of minerals within a rock A rock’s texture depends on the - size - shape - arrangement of crystals A crystal’s size and shape depends: - rate of cooling - amount of dissolved gasses Composition – types of minerals within a rock Structure – orientation of minerals or rock fragments in a rock

SEDIMENTARY ROCK WEATHERING In nature, rocks are broken down by the forces of nature EROSION & DEPOSITION Erosion (wind, sun, ice, rain) causes rocks to break down into smaller pieces. Once rock fragments have been created, they are usually moved by some force of nature like gravity and dropped in a new location (DEPOSITION).  COMPACTION & CEMENTATION Spaces between the fragments are reduced in size by pressure (COMPACTION) and filled in with cementing agents (CEMENTATION).  

METAMORPHIC As the pressure deep within the earth increases, temperatures increase as well. Metamorphic rock may become contorted in appearance and actually flow like a plastic material--in response to the HEAT and PRESSURE that is caused by the over-riding rock.   Two types of metamorphism contact metamorphism- metamorphism due to contact with or proximity to an igneous intrusion. regional metamorphism- metamorphism affecting rocks over an extensive area as a result of the large-scale action of heat and pressure.

Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA

Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA

Weathering Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Uplift MAGMA Weathering Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Uplift MAGMA Erosion Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Uplift MAGMA Erosion Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

Can you see any shortcuts? Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Instrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Instrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

In Conclusion… The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth As well as earth’s momentum and… The energy from the sun It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

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