Monitor of All sky X-ray Image (MAXI) on the International Space Station JAXA, RIKEN,Osaka Univ., Aoyama Gakuin Univ., Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Nihon Univ. E-mail : tomida.hiroshi @ jaxa.jp Web : http://www-maxi.tksc.jaxa.jp 1. What is MAXI ? 2. X-ray camera on MAXI All sky X-ray monitor on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Exposed Facility of the International Space Station (ISS) Scan of all most all over the sky every 90 minutes. No pointing observation. Launch : 2008 by the Space shuttle Mission life : at least 2 years ISS A concept of slit camera Field of view of MAXI Collimators X-ray source 1 X-ray source 2 Slit 1-d Position sensitive detector Forward FOV Zenith FOV Scan MAXI Earth Celestial sphere ISS motion JEM ISS MAXI has two types of X-ray camera : Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC) Both cameras consist of 2 subsets. One has FOV looking zenith direction, and another is forward, in order to compensate non-operational periods (e.g. SAA) Each subset consists of slits, slat collimators, and 1-dimensional position sensitive X-ray detectors. Their combination provides a narrow rectangular field of view (FOV) in the sky. Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC) Pressurized Vessel Gas Slit Camera (GSC) MAXI Exposed Facility 3. SCIENCE X-ray flux of known sources (taken from Uhuru and HEAO-1 catalog) ＊Galactic sources ＋ AGNs ○ Clusters of galaxies Sensitivity of Previous all sky X-ray monitors ～20 mCrab (RXTE AXM) Detector Energy Range Effective Area Field of View Energy Resolution Position Accuracy Proportional counter (Xe + CO2 gas) 2 – 30 keV 5350 cm2 1.5 x 160 degree 18 % at Mo-Ka 0.1 degree X-ray CCD 0.5 – 12 keV 200 cm2 1.5 x 90 degree 150 eV at Mn-Kα GSC SSC X-ray flux (mCrab) 10 mCrab / 1 orbit (96min.) 3 mCrab / 1 day 1 mCrab / 1 week Sensitivity of MAXI Distance (light year) MAXI detects more than 1000 X-ray sources, including many active galactic nuclei (AGNs) 2. 1 Gas Slit Camera (GSC) proportional counter A unit of GSC Day Cts/sec Dynamic Catalog of X-ray sources Long-term variability of AGNs Alert of X-ray transients Complete lightcurve of X-ray novae g-ray bursts and their afterglow Distribution of distant AGNs (measurement of X-ray BGD) Survey of emission lines from our Galaxy (with CCD camera) Discovery of new kinds of X-ray objects 358 mm 236 mm Be window (100 mm thick) A Simulated Light curve MCG 6-30-15 Simulated all sky X-ray images, to be obtained with MAXI Slit and collimator Three units for forward camera, and three for Zenith. Wide FOV : 1.5 x 160 degree Carbon fiber anode (10 mm) ⇒Good position resolution (1mm) Large Effective Area (5350 cm2) ⇒High Sensitivity (1 mCrab/week) Slit Collimator 2 week 1 day Data flow of MAXI NASA MSFC ISS 50-70% of MAXI date is sent to ground in real time. All the data will be made accessible through the Internet. New discoveries (e.g. X-ray novae) are informed through the Internet in 1 minutes (A picture from the counter side) NASA Link 2. 2 Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC) JAXA Link A unit of SSC (without slit and collimator) SSC spectra of emission lines JAXA Data relay satellite MAXI Al-Ka 1.4876 Ti-Ka 4.51084 Cl-Ka 2.62239 V-Ka 4.95220 Quick follow up observations !! Zn-Ka 8.63886 Fe-Ka 6.4038 V-Kb 5.42729 Ni-Ka 7.47815 Cl-Kb 2.8156 Fe-Kb 7.05798 Zn-Kb 9.5720 Ni-Kb 8.26466 data archive system update Comment light curve real time Non-X-ray background data (NXB) is distributed spectrum every day Detector response and NXB are distributed. all-sky image exposure corrected CCD Chip (Hamamatsu Photonics) You can obtain above data for major bright objects and any point of X-ray sky Detail → poster by Namiki et al. 24 mm