JH-KEADLE Digestive System

Organs of the Digestive System mouth rectum esophagus anus stomach pancreas small intestine gall bladder large intestine liver

Functions of the Digestive System Your cells need a lot of energy. They get energy from the food we eat. But, your digestive system has to break down the food we eat into microscopic nutrients before our cells can use it.

Functions of the Digestive System Digests food into molecules the body can use (physical or chemical change). Absorbs nutrient molecules and carries them around the body (physical change). Eliminates waste material from unused nutrients.

mechanical digestion vocabulary word! mechanical digestion - food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by breaking, crushing and mashing. increases the surface area of the food begins in the mouth teeth chewing/tearing movement of smooth muscles

chemical digestion vocabulary word! chemical digestion - chemicals (enzymes)produced by the body break foods into their smaller nutrients. mouth stomach

absorption vocabulary word! absorption - process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood. The lining of the small intestine is covered in villi that aid in absorption

elimination vocabulary word! elimination – removal of waste material left over after food is digested to prevent illness.

mouth Digestion begins in the mouth mechanical – teeth chemical - saliva

salivary gland vocabulary word! salivary gland – gland that produces enzymes that help to break down food chemically.

esophagus vocabulary word! esophagus - muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. moves food down into your stomach using involuntary muscle contractions (peristalsis). Lined with mucus that allows food to slide down.

stomach vocabulary word! stomach – a muscular bag that crushed food and contains acids and enzymes for breaking down food. Most mechanical digestion takes place in the stomach because it is made of thick smooth muscle. Chemical digestions also takes place Mucus keeps the acids from burning a hole in your stomach.

Stomach

small intestine vocabulary word! small intestine – muscular tube where most of the chemical digestion takes place and most nutrients are absorbed. Covered in villi which enlarge the surface area

small intestine The villi increase the surface area that can absorb nutrients.

liver vocabulary word! liver – large organ that produces bile and breaks down medicines and other chemicals. The gall bladder stores bile

pancreas vocabulary word! pancreas - secretes insulin to carry glucose around the body and makes enzymes that help digest food. Causes diabetes when it does not make insulin.

large intestine vocabulary word! large intestine – muscular tube where vitamins B and K are made and water is removed from food waste. Food spends 18-24 hours here

rectum and anus rectum – end of the large intestine, forms the solid waste elimination anus – muscular opening at the end of the rectum

The digestive system interacts with: muscular system (smooth muscle) to move and digest food. respiratory system to provide oxygen. circulatory system to move nutrients.

These cell parts are like the digestive system: Which one makes energy? mitochondria Which one allows materials to pass in and out? cell membrane Which one helps get rid of waste? lysosomes