Chemical Compounds in Cells Chapter 3 section 3

Vocabulary: Element Compound Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Amino acid Enzyme Nucleic acid DNA RNA Vocabulary:

Elements and Compounds Elements: Cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Smallest unit is an atom.

Two or more elements combine Smallest unit of many compounds is a Molecule.

2. The Compound Called Water Chemical reactions in the cell need water. b. Examples: -plants -helps cells keep their size -helps keep temp of cell from changing rapidly

3. Inorganic and Organic Compounds Inorganic compounds -does not contain carbon. -water, salt b. organic compounds -contain carbon -examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

B. Carbohydrates Energy-rich organic compound Made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

3. Sugars and starches 4. Sugars are produced in Plants. 5. Starches are large molecules that come from combined sugar molecules.

C. Lipids Fats, oils, waxes 2. Energy-rich also of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 3. Contain more energy than carbohydrates

4. Cells store energy in lipids for later use. 5. Lipids make up most of the cell membrane.

C. Proteins Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and maybe sulfur.

Structure of Proteins Made of amino acids 20 different kinds 2. Functions of Proteins Make up many of the organelles Proteins known as enzymes help in the chemical reactions in the cell. Enzymes help in digestion

D. Nucleic Acids Contain instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life. Two Kinds: DNA RNA