Ch. 18 Sec. 4 The End of Reconstruction Mr. Davis

Radicals in Decline Radical Republicans by 1870 were losing power in Congress Northerners were beginning to be tired of helping the South People began to believe that the South needed to be forgiven for the Civil War and should run their own governments.

Also during this time Republicans were hurt by the corruption brought on by President Grant. Grant was reelected in 1872 but many had lost their faith in the Republican party

In May 1872, Congress passed the Amnesty Act which allowed all whites southerners to vote again. Many began to vote for the Democratic party and still terrorized African Americans.

By 1876 only three Southern states were governed by Republican’s: Louisiana, Florida and South Carolina White conservatives were back in power throughout the South

Election of 1876 The end of Reconstruction came with the election of 1876. Democrats=Samuel Tilden (Fought corruption) Republicans=Rutherford B. Hayes (Also vowed to fight corruption)

Tilden won 25,000 more popular votes than Hayes, but only had 184 electoral votes, one less than he needed to win. Louisiana, Florida and South Carolina were to hold the final vote on who would win the presidency.

Hayes privately vowed to send Reconstruction As inauguration day grew closer many of the special commissioners, who were Republican, were to decide the president. The outcome was Hayes winning the election Hayes privately vowed to send Reconstruction He removed all remaining federal troops from the South Reconstruction was finally over

Industry in the South During Reconstruction, the South slowly began to rebuild their industry cotton was slowly making a recovery By 1880 the South was producing as much cotton as they had in 1860 Henry Grady stated: The South needs to use its vast majority of natural resources and not depend on the North

Agricultural Industry Investors built textile mills but were still making less cloth than Massachusetts

The tobacco industry also grew rapidly. James Duke used new machinery to revolutionize the production of tobacco. In 1890 he bought out competitors to create the American Tobacco Company

New Industries The South also used their mineral resources such as iron ore and coal for steel production By 1900, the South finally had a balances economy. However, the North and West were still growing rapidly.

Restricting Rights for African Americans Even though the years after Reconstruction helped Southerners, African Americans were going to face tragic effects. With the North gone, the South tightened its grip on the Southern government. Some groups still used violence to keep African Americans from voting.

Voting restrictions In 1880 many Southerners began to pass laws that restricted voting rights:

Poll taxes: Requiring voters to pay a fee when voting. Literacy Test: Required voters to read and explain a part of the Constitution. Grandfather Clause: If a voter’s father or grandfather could vote on January 1, 1867, they did not have to take the literacy test.

Racial Segregation Laws passed separating African American’s and whites basically everywhere. African American’s brought lawsuits trying to challenge segregation: Plessy v. Ferguson: stated that segregation was legal as long as the facilities were “equal”.

Violence The KKK was still killing African Americans. Lynching (illegal execution) persisted throughout the South and North. 4 out of 5 were done in the South.

Results of Reconstruction South faced hard times with good outcomes: They gained public education and expanded their railroads. African Americans were citizens for the first time