Getting the US into the War

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Presentation transcript:

Getting the US into the War World War I Getting the US into the War

Progressives are against the war WWI- 1914-1918 August 19, 1914 “The United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days… We must be impartial in thought, as well as action… We must… put a curb upon our sentiments…”

Obstacles to Neutrality Political and Economic ties to Allies British propaganda Sub Controversies Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 1915- Lusitania 1915/ 1916- Arabic and Sussex Pledges Violations of neutral shipping rights Blockade

US Responses– Change in attitude? Armed neutrality 1916- National Defense Act Increased size of army/ spending (90,000 to 175,000 men) Not war ready, still avoid war Election of 1916 Issue: war preparedness vs. diplomatic end to war Reps: seems like they support war (TR) Dems: Wilson- “He kept us out of war!” WW won with only ½ million votes! Jan, 1917- Peace Without Victory Speech Will become the 14 Points

Peace without Victory January 22, 1917 “Victory would mean a peace forced upon the loser, a victor’s terms imposed upon the vanquished… Only a peace between equals can last…”

The End of Neutrality 1917- Germans return to unrestricted submarine warfare March, 1917- Zimmermann Telegram made public March, 1917- Tsar overthrown, Russia withdraws April, 1917- Wilson asked Congress for war

Zimmerman Telegram January 19, 1917 (if the US does not remain neutral after we begin unrestricted submarine warfare) “We propose the following alliance… we shall make war together… Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona…” “… the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.”

Wilson’s War Message April 2, 1917 “I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the government and people of the United States… to fight thus for the peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples… (to defend) the rights of nations… to choose their way of life… The world must be made safe for democracy…”

US Joins the War, 1917 May, 1917- Selective Service Act June, 1917- J.J.Pershing commands the AEF in France, independent of Allies No plans for European war Mobilization took time Racial segregation of troops- 42,000 Af.-Ams

Allies, 1917 Allies worn out by HIGH casualties, low morale, drained resources Central Powers were winning for two years! U-boats effective against blockade Russia- Bolshevik Revolution Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the eastern offensive

Propaganda: