Part 8 11/24/2018

Week 16, 17, 18 and 19 The Atmosphere Modules 3, 4, 7 and 8 in AP The study of the Air and the Atmosphere and how we measure them Movement of the Atmosphere - Air Masses, Winds and Storms Weather Prediction Next test: Week 19 T Jan 23/25 - covers the atmosphere and hydrosphere Week 20 A Jan 30 - I will be away - analysis exercise U of IL - Wx Course Lyndon State Course 11/24/2018 2

Prep Questions Week 16 Week 17 Week 18 Week 19 (1) What role does the sun play in causing seasons and the weather? (2) What is the composition of the air? (3) What is the role of each component? Week 17 (1) What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere? (2) What is temperature? (3) What is Ozone hole? Week 18 (1) What factors influence the weather? (2) What are the weather elements? Week 19 (1) What are the factors that cause precipitation? (2) What are the differences and common characteristics of a thunderstorm, tornado, hurricane and a nor'easter low pressure system? 11/24/2018

Current Weather Review    http://hss-1.us/phys-sci/Weather-Information.htm Radar/Sat US Radar US Radar NWS Goes Sat Page US Sat IR NRL Sat US Sat Vis NY VIS Sfc Analysis NWS Surface Plots Surface 12 Hour Fcst Surface 24 Hour Fcst Surface 36 Hour Fcst Surface 48 Hr Fcsts Emergency CURRENT SVR Wx RADAR National Weather Situation Page  http://www.VueTOO.com Severe Weather Alert Link Your Local Forecast Local Fcsts Rome NY   43.23°N 75.46°W  Rome Griffiss Airfield Lat: 43.23   Lon: -75.41   Elev: 504 ft Lat/Lon: 43.23°N 75.46°W   Elevation:482   BGM Discussion  Wx Maps NAM GFS 1. GFSx -Upper 2.GFSx-MRF- Precip Long Range NWS Model ECMWF CPC Datastreme Climo SYR CLIMO CLIMO STAT CNY ALB CLIMO Other NASA Solar Science Solar-Sun Spot-Space-Wx Sun & Moon Rise & Set Tables Moon Phases Your Sky Start Charts Tides Maine NOAA Space Wx Forecast Central 11/24/2018

Factors that Influence the Weather Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and a particular time. It can be a combination of different amounts of heat, moisture and dry movement in the air. Most weather changes occur in the troposphere, the part of the atmosphere nearest the earth. The troposphere varies in thickness from 60,000 feet at the equator to as little as 23,000 feet or less over polar areas. Major factors are: the sun does not heat all parts of the earth equally; the resulting difference in density and pressure causes the air to move from different places. Another factor is the different physical features (mountains, plains, bodies of water) have different effects on the atmosphere. The season and the time of day also affect the state of the atmosphere. The elements that affect the weather condition are: temperature, pressure, moisture content, wind speed and direction "fronts" that exist, fronts are boundary lines between the cold air moving southwards from the north, and the warm air moving from the tropics. Most of the severe weather conditions are in some way related to these fronts. 11/24/2018

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Global Jet Streams Global jet streams refers to long narrow "tube" of high wind speed that flows at the top of the troposphere for thousands of miles often thought of as a "river" of air. To be a "jet stream" the winds must exceed 50 knots (57 mph). An important term related to "Jet Streams" is the "Jet Streak" which is the term used to describe the very center or core of the highest jet stream winds. Jet streaks are important because they produce the strongest upper level divergence and convergence. The following are the main jet streams that circle the earth: Polar Front (Mid Latitude) Jet Stream (PFJ) The polar front jet (or just polar jet) is located at the top of the troposphere at about 300 mb (30,000 feet). It is cause by the strong thermal contrasts in the lower part of the troposphere associated with the polar front. Sub Tropical Jet Stream (STJ) The subtropical jet is a distinct jet steam form the polar jet and has a distinct cause. The subtropical jet comes out of the tropics. The true subtropical jet always moves from southwest to northeast. The subtropical jet is very high (about 40,000 feet) and is strongest in the winter. When the subtropical jet moves north out of the tropics it brings warm moist air with it. The subtropical jet caused conservation of AM - no strong low level thermal contrast so there is no front associated with it. 11/24/2018

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