Chapter 2: Vocabulary Building Reading Across the Disciplines: College Reading and Beyond, 1/e Kathleen McWhorter PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski, 2001 © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

In this chapter you will: Learn how to use context clues Learn prefixes Learn suffixes Learn roots © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

© 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Types of Context Clues Definition Example Contrast Logic of the Passage © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

© 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Definition Clues The writer gives a brief definition or synonym. Example: Corona refers to the outermost part of the sun’s atmosphere. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Types of Punctuation That Signal Definition Clues Commas Five-line rhyming poems, or limericks, are among the simplest forms of poetry. (Continued) © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Punctuation Signals Definition Clues Parentheses A leading cause of heart disease is a diet with too much cholesterol (a fatty substance made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen). (Continued) © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Punctuation Signals Definition Clues Dashes Ancient Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics—pictures used to represent words. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

© 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Example Clues Writers include examples that help to explain or clarify a word. Example: Toxic materials, such as arsenic, asbestos, pesticides, and lead, can cause bodily damage. Example: Legumes, such as peas and beans, produce pods. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

© 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Contrast Clues A word or phrase with the opposite meaning of an unknown word provides a clue to its meaning. Example: Most of the graduate students were elated, though a few felt sad and depressed. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Logic of the Passage Clues Sometimes you can figure out the meaning of an unknown word by using logic and reasoning skills. Example: We had to leave the car and walk up because the incline was too steep to drive. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Prefixes, Suffixes, & Roots The word trichromatic can be divided into three parts: its prefix, root, and suffix. Prefix—tri (three) Root — chrome (color) Suffix — atic (characteristic of) Trichromatic — having three colors © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

General Rules about Word Parts Most words are built upon at least one root. Words can have more than one prefix, root, or suffix. Words do not always have a prefix and a suffix. The spelling of roots may change as they are combined with suffixes. Some word parts have the same meaning. Prefixes and roots do not always carry the assumed meaning. © 2002 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

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