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Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:
How do you remember new words? What are context clues? Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? What will you find in a dictionary? What is a glossary? What is a thesaurus? What are analogies? What are acronyms? How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words Use Mnemonic Devices Example: To remember that suppression means βto force out bad thoughts,β visualize SUPerman PRESSing evil thoughts away. Or remember the Superman movies. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
MVEMJSUNP ROY G. BIV Every Good Boy Does Fine In fourteen hundred and ninety-two Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words Associate Words in Phrases Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds Associate Words with Images Associate Words in Families Seek Reinforcement Create Concept Cards 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Context Clues Definition or Synonym Elaborating Details Examples Comparison Contrast Antonyms Pgs 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Definition/Synonym A word is directly defined.
Words with the same or similar meaning. Clues -________- , ________, : Ms. Koledoye, my teacher, talks too much! Pg. 61
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Descriptive details that illustrate the meaning. (explanation)
Elaborating Details Descriptive details that illustrate the meaning. (explanation) Pg. 62
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Examples that are given to clarify the meaning.
Pg. 62
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Comparison & Contrast Comparison-The meaning of a word is compared to something else to show the similarity. Contrast- The meaning of a word is compared to something else to show the difference between the two. Pg. 63
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Antonyms A word that means the opposite of the unknown word. Clues But
Yet In contrast On the other hand Pg. 64
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Tentative? We have tentative plans to go on vacation in March, but we will not know for sure if we can go at that time until we check with our managers at work. A. Go on vacation B. Will not know for sure C. Our managers at work
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To tabulate means to - After eight months of research in the field, Orson returned to working in his office, where he could go over his field notes, tabulate his data, and see what conclusions he could draw from his research. A. Organize information in a systematic way B. Discard or throw away C. Make difficult for others to understand
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Synthetic means - Clothing made of synthetic fibers has both advantages and disadvantages compared to clothing made of natural fibers. On one hand, natural fibers generally feel more comfortable next to the skin, but on the other hand, synthetic fibers usually require less upkeep. A. Created from materials taken from plants or animals Created from human-made materials C. Created from flimsy or fragile materials
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Practice Pg. 65 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Understanding the Structure of Words
Prefixes- before a word Suffixes-after a word Roots- base of a word Word Families- words that look alike & have similar meanings 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis
Pg. 72
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Re- Chron- Mis- Therm- Inter- Or/er/ist
With a partner, write down as many words as you can think of with the following word parts. Look at each word group, do the words in that group have any similar meanings? Re- Chron- Mis- Therm- Inter- Or/er/ist
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Dictionary Guide Words. Pronunciation. Part of Speech. Spellings. Origin. Multiple Meanings. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Pg. 77
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Word Origins - Etymology
Bribe means - Favor or money given for influence Origin - French bread given to a beggar 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Using a Glossary/ Thesaurus
Glossary- A list of words and their definitions found at the end of a book or chapter. Thesaurus- A book of words and their synonyms. Pg. 81
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Analogies Analogies are comparisons that call upon your word knowledge and your ability to see relationships. You can use these relationships to figure out a word. Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR Fork is to eat as television is to entertain. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Categories of Analogy Relationships
Synonyms Antonyms Function, use, or purpose Classification Characteristics and descriptions Degree Part to whole Cause and effect Pg. 83
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Synonyms: similar in meaning
Analogies (Synonyms) Synonyms: similar in meaning Example: Find is to locate as hope is to wish. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite.
Analogies (Antonyms) Antonyms: Opposite in meaning Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm.
Analogies (Function) Function, use, or purpose: Identifies what something does, watch for the object (noun) and then the action (verb). Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm. Practice Pg. 83
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Ex. bear the burden and bear the animal
Easily Confused Words Homonyms: Words with different meanings that are spelled and sound alike. Ex. bear the burden and bear the animal Youβre, your Stationary, stationery There, their, theyβre P. 85
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An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word.
Recognizing Acronyms An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word. What do these acronyms mean? ATV SCUBA MRI UNICEF Pg. 86
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Recognizing Transitional Words
Transitional words connect ideas and signal the direction of a writerβs thought. βIn additionββ signals a continuation βButβ or βHoweverβ β signals a change Pg. 87
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Readerβs Tip: Types of Transitional Words
Addition Example Time Sequence Comparison Contrast Cause and Effect 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points How do you remember new words? What are context clues? Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? What will you find in a dictionary? What is a glossary? What is a thesaurus? What are analogies? What are acronyms? How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Vocabulary Booster Complete the Vocabulary Booster βOver, Under, Around, and Through.β Pgs 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
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