CULTURAL CONNECTIONS Intro to the study of population http://www.npr.org/2011/10/31/141816460/visualizing-how-a-population-grows-to-7-billion

- Demography = the study of human populations Population growth is a result of two factors: Natural Increase (more births than deaths) and Immigration (people moving to Canada). Some Terminology: - Demography = the study of human populations - Immigrate = to move permanently to another country other than one’s native country - Emigrate = to leave your country of origin to live permanently in another country

Stages of Demography Children (under 15) Working adults (15-64) Older adults (65+) Children and older adults make up the dependency load since they need to be supported by the Working Adults

4 Stages of Population Change: high birth and death rate = stability death rate drops (better healthcare and nutrition); birth rate stays high = natural increase drop in birth rate (parents have fewer children as it is more likely child will survive to adulthood, also live in cities – don’t need child farm hands) birth rate declines close to the death rate; population levels off (Canada approaching this)

Baby Boom, Bust & Echo

After WWII the economy was booming, the future seemed promising, couples could afford to have large families and there was high immigration levels (they were also having lots of babies) Baby Boomers are now 45-65 years old: what’s so special? There’s so many of them – about 1/3 of population ended when women entered the workforce and sought out further education; women had fewer babies

Baby Bust Since women were taking on different roles there were fewer babies; now half the number of the Boomers (now 30-44 years old.) Characteristics of a baby buster’s life: no difficulty finding jobs because there is less competition, good opportunities. Ex. Get into the university of your choice; because life treated them well, they pay attention to social issues

Echo The Boomers Children Since the boomers were a huge group when they had children there was another mini-boom Now 16-30 years old – don’t have it as easy as the Busters – a big group = more competition. Ex. Crowded schools

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

This shape is typical of a developed country This shape is typical of a developed country. It is narrow at the base, wider in the middle, and stays quite wide until the very top, as there is a sizable percentage of older people. Note that there are more old women than men. Italy and Japan have population structures that are of this shape. This population pyramid is wide at the base, which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. It tapers very quickly as you go up into the older age groups, and is narrow at the top. This shows that a very small proportion of people are elderly. This shape of pyramid is typical of a developing country, such as Kenya or Vietnam. http://www.scalloway.org.uk/images/poppy1.jpg

Questions: pg. 194 4c), 5a),b) c) Compare the 1881 pyramid with the 1956 and 2004 pyramids on page 190. What changes do you see? How would these changes affect society?