1. GRT2100B PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF AGING
PROFESSOR: MELISSA BRASGOLD
AGING IN CANADA PART III
October 2, 2013
CLASS #9

2. TODAY’S OUTLINE Finishing up from last class.
Demographics of Aging in the US: The role of psychosocial factors in aging & longevity:
SES
Canadian statistics
Immigration
Death rates
Birth rates
Baby Boom/Baby Bust

3. THE AGING OF CANADA

4. AGING BY GENDER

5. World Population & Regions, Aged 60 Years +

6. Population 65+, Canada

7. Population Aged 65+ By Province, 2005

8. AGING IN CANADA: The 3 Conditions
Why Has Canada Aged so much?
There are 3 conditions (demographic forces) that affect a populations size and age structure.

9. DEMOGRAPHIC FORCE #1: IMMIGRATION
Immigration plays smallest role of 3 forces.
, million immigrants arrived in Canada.
, 1.5 arrived of with majority children or young adults aged
38.8% of Canada’s older pop in 1961 composed of immigrants. Number dropped to 27% in 1996.

10. IMMIGRATION Before the 60’s mainly from the U.K. or Europe.
Immigration in 90’s shifted to Asian, Caribbean, South & Central American influences.

11. DEMOGRAPHIC FORCE #2: DEATH RATES – LIFE EXPECTANCY
What is a death rate?
Death rates changed drastically over time:
Huge drop in early 20th C.
Life Expectancy at birth in Canada
1851: 42 yrs for men, 44 yrs for women.
1931: 60 yrs for men, 62 yrs for women.
2011: 79 yrs for men, 84 yrs for women.
Probability of living 10 yrs beyond one’s 80th B-day rose 28% in 1966 to 41% in 1986.

12. CANADIAN LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH 1921-200512

13. DEATH RATES What is an Infant mortality rate?
Why has it dropped so significantly in the 20th Century?
Canada, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Japan & U.S. have highest life expectancies in the world = more Canadians will experience old age.

14. DEMOGRAPHIC FORCE #3: BIRTH RATES
What is a birth rate?
Population ages when the proportion of younger people declines.
Birth rates have changed in Quebec from the 1700’s till today with rates decreasing from very high rates in the 1700’s.

15. BABY BOOMERS What is the Baby Boom? In Canada: 1947-1966
What is the Baby Bust?

16. THE BABY BOOM & FERTILITY RATES
What is the Fertility Rate?
Rate rose 2.83 in 1941 to 3.84 in 1961.
Age Specific Birth rate:
Number of births in a given age group per 1000 women in that age group.
Rate nearly doubled from 30.7 in 1941 to 58.2 in 1961.

17. BABY BOOMERS
From 1941 – 1961, annual # of births in Canada rose from in 1941 to in 1961.
Number dropped down to in 1965.
Over 25 years, baby boom produced 8.6 million births, 1.5 million (18%) more births than would otherwise have occurred.

18. WHAT CAUSED THE BABY BOOM?
The Great depression
WWII
The Economy
Immigration
Timing

19. WHAT GOES UP MUST COME DOWN:THE BABY BUST
What caused the baby boom to go bust?
Timing
Fertility rate dropped from 3.84 in 1961 to 2.81 in 1966 to1.49 in 2000 to 1.6 in 2013
Birth control
Women in the workforce

20. THE BABY BUST & FERTILITY RATES
Decreased fertility rate = decrease in young.
# of people 0-14 dropped from 26% in 1976 to 18% in 2002.
Continuing decline expected (2041 est.)
19% will be young.
25% of pop will be old.

21. SUMMARY: THE 3 STAGES OF CHANGE
Before 1850: High birth & death rates & high immigration in Ontario & Maritimes = kept age of Canadians low. Median age 22.7 (1901) – 37.6 (2001).
After 1850: declines in birth & death rates = transformed to an older nation. 65+, 4% (1800’s) – 7% (1950)
Today: low birth & death rates = aging population.

22. READING AHEAD Today & Last Class Course pack pp. 9-11.
Course pack pp (End at the impact of population aging section).
Class #10
Course pack pp

23. READING AHEAD
Class #10 & 11
Retirement & Pensions, Course pack pp , 31-33,
Class #13
Leisure & Recreation pursuits in later life, course pack pp
Class #14
Alcohol & Aging, Course pack pp

24. READING AHEAD Class #19 & 20 Stress & Coping - Course pack pp. 90-104
Housing - Course pack pp
Class #24 – Elder Abuse
Course pack p.35