1. The Demographic Transition Model & understanding population pyramids .

2. Starter: Match up the key words with the correct definitions.
birth rate
the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
death rate
the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
natural increase
the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
infant mortality rate
is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
Life expectancy
the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

3. Match up the key words with the correct definitions.
the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

4. Match up the key words with the correct definitions. Answers:
Infant Mortality
the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
Life Expectancy
the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
Birth Rate
the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
Natural Increase
is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
Death Rate
the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.

5. What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
The demographic transition model looks at the change of population with regards to the world’s different countries. It shows the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. Some developed countries (MEDC’s) are how at stage 4-5 and began in the eighteenth century, while less developed countries (LEDC’S) began the transition later and are still in the midst of earlier stages of the model.

6. Problems with the model:
“As with all models, the demographic transition model has its problems. The model does not provide "guidelines" as to how long it takes a country to get from Stage I to III. Western European countries took centuries through some rapidly developing countries are transforming in mere decades. The model also does not predict that all countries will reach Stage III and have stable low birth and death rates. There are factors such as religion that keep some countries' birth rate from dropping”.
(accessed 8/7/15 Matt Rosenberg (About Education: Demographic Transition Model)

8. Tasks
What stage(s) of the demographic transition model would you expect to find Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDC’s?) Explain why
What stage(s) of the demographic transition model would you expect to find More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC’s?) Explain why
Identify where you think Australia is?
Explain how you think Australia got stages 1-4 over time? (Tip: you will have to consider Australia’s history).
(For extra information and assistance in answering the questions refer to the DTM Stages Explanation sheet. (on Student Public).

9. What are Population Pyramids?
Population pyramids are used to help us gain a better understanding of the different changes that may or may not be occurring within or to a population of people. For example,
Age data: What is the amount of elderly people in Australia?
What is the percentage of males and females working within the Victorian health services area?

10. Example one:
This population pyramid is wide at the base, which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. It tapers very quickly as you go up into the older age groups, and is narrow at the top. This shows that a very small proportion of people are elderly.
This shape of pyramid is typical of a developing country, such as Kenya or Vietnam.

11. Population Structure - Developing Countries (LEDCs)
In the example below 4% of the population are females aged between 25 and 29.

12. Population Structure - Developed Countries (MEDCs)
This shape is typical of a developed country. It is narrow at the base, wider in the middle, and stays quite wide until the very top, as there is a sizable percentage of older people. Note that there are more old women than men. Italy and Japan have population structures that are of this shape.

13. Task 1 – Identify key features
Narrow at the top which shows that there is a small proportion of elderly people.
Wider in the middle which means that people are living longer, less infant mortality.
Wide at the top because there is longer life expectancy.
4% of the population is female aged
Developing Country (LEDCs)
Developed Country (MEDCs)
Wide at the base which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country.
This pyramid is typical of a country such as Kenya or Vietnam.
This pyramid is typical of a country such as Italy and Japan.
Narrower at the base which means that birth rates are lower.

14. Check your understanding of Population Pyramids:
TASK:
Access Student Public and go to the same folder as this powerpoint and open up the PDF Document called Population Pyramid Worksheet and Population Pyramid Graph for worksheet and complete the questions in your book.