What Are Waves? Chapter 15 Section 1.

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Presentation transcript:

What Are Waves? Chapter 15 Section 1

Waves and Energy A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

What Carries Waves? Most kinds of waves need something to travel through. The material through which a wave travels is called a medium. Gases, liquids, and solids all act as mediums.

What Carries Waves? Waves that require a medium through which to travel are called mechanical waves. Not all waves require a medium to travel through. Light from the sun can carry energy through empty space. Waves that can travel without a medium are called electromagnetic waves.

How Do Waves Transfer energy? Although mechanical waves travel through a medium, they do not carry the medium with them. All mediums are made of tiny particles. When a wave enters a medium, it transfers energy to the medium’s particles. The particles bump into each other, passing the wave’s energy along.

What Causes Waves? Energy always is required to make a wave. Mechanical waves are produced when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate. A vibration is a repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion.

What Causes Waves? Types of Waves A moving object can transfer energy to a medium, producing waves. Types of Waves Mechanical waves are classified how they move. There are two types: Transverse waves Longitudinal waves

Transverse Waves Waves that move the medium at right angles to the direction in which the waves travel are called transverse waves. The high part of a transverse wave is called a crest, and the low part is called a trough.

Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal waves move the medium parallel to the direction in which the waves travel. The parts where the coils are close together are called compressions. The parts where the coils are spread out, or rarified, are called rarefactions. Sound is also a longitudinal wave.

Representing Types of Waves